18 December 2020: Clinical Research
Characteristics of Nosocomial Infections in Children Screened for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in China
Jun Shen 1AE* , Jing Sun 1AE* , Danyang Zhao 2AE* , Suyun Li 3AE* , Weiqiang Xiao 4AE* , Xian Cai 1B , Jianjiang Yan 1B , Weidong Zhu 1B , Qiaozhi Guo 2B , Xiulan Wen 5B , Jinxia Wu 3B , Xuan Shi 3B , Daoju Jiang 3C , Jing Huang 3C , Jiaming Luo 1C , Huan Chen 6C , Yan Hong 1C , Wencheng Ma 3D , Guangming Liu 3F , Haomei Yang 3D , Qiang Wang 3F , Yongling Song 3F , Jinai Lin 1D , Xin Sun 7A* , Peiqing Li 3A*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.928835
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e928835
Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the 159 patients screened for SARS-CoV-2.
| SARS-CoV-2n=1 | Influenza Virusn=18 | RSVn=10 | ADVn=5 | EVn=5 | Human Metapneumovirusn=7 | Parainfluenza Virusn=2 | Human Bocavirusn=2 | MPn=4 | Others#n=4 | Without detectedn=103 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, months (median, IQR) | 84 | 42 (24, 72) | 18 (7.5, 24) | 24 (12, 36) | 23 (11, 24) | 24 (12, 36) | 18 (15, 21) | 16.5 (12.5, 20.25) | 72 (47.25, 84) | 102 (73.25, 111) | 34 (15, 60) | ||
| Clinical manifestations (n) | Fever (n=125) | - | 18 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 72 | |
| Cough/dry cough (n=77) | - | 16 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 34 | ||
| Sputum (n=73) | - | 14 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 34 | ||
| Runny (n=37) | - | 8 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 14 | ||
| Vomiting/diarrhea/ abdominal pain (n=19) | - | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | ||
| Pulmonary rales (n=15) | - | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | ||
| Stuffy nose (n=10) | - | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Gasp (n=10) | - | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | ||
| Tachypnea (n=6) | - | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | ||
| Seizure (n=4) | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
| Inspiratory triconcave sign/ cyanosis (n=3) | - | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Sore throat (n=2) | - | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Chest pain (n=1) | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Muscle aches/ weakness (n=1) | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dizziness/ headache (n=1) | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Respiratory failure (n=0) | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Laboratory inspection (mean±sd.) | WBC (G/L) | 5.5 | 8.31±4.51 | 7.47±2.76 | 8.42±1.08 | 8.25±4.39 | 7.16±1.5 | 5.85±2.05 | 10.05±4.60 | 7.50±3.87 | 14.6±12.02 | 9.92±5.57 | |
| Lymphocytes (G/L) | 1.77 | 2.27±2.08 | 3.21±1.39 | 3.64±1.63 | 4.80±2.06 | 2.9±1.16 | 1.99±0.60 | 4.19±1.26 | 2.42±1.36 | 2.60±1.31 | 3.12±2.05 | ||
| Neutrophils, NEUT(G/L) | 3.14 | 4.29±3.04 | 3.79±1.95 | 3.91±2.00 | 7.66±4.51 | 3.74±0.87 | 1.41±0.02 | 4.50±2.26 | 4.25±1.42 | 16.52±31.65 | 5.55±4.24 | ||
| Blood platelet, PLT (G/L) | 312 | 213.56±88.24 | 285.7±60.51 | 262.4±69.44 | 314.80±73.96 | 220.57±69.11 | 185±2.83 | 262.50±130.82 | 239±86.08 | 240.00±28.13 | 275.43±109.94 | ||
| Red blood cell, RBC (T/L) | 4.57 | 4.78±2.39 | 3.92±0.78 | 4.13±0.33 | 4.43±0.36 | 4.14±0.53 | 4.03±0.18 | 4.56±0.39 | 4.60±0.33 | 3.79±0.79 | 4.53±1.11 | ||
| c-Reactive protein, CRP | 1.18 | 8.40±19.35 | 12.41±14.85 | 5.97±7.33 | 9.64±14.50 | 17.34±14.07 | 4.18±4.60 | 13.00±14.88 | 27.78±11.39 | 38.7±35.33 | 17.94±28.80 | ||
| Blood lactic acid | 1.60 | 1.81±0.60 | 2.11±0.73 | 2.42±0.90 | 2.67±0.75 | 1.8±0.95 | 1.90±0 | 2.60±0.14 | 1.95±0.61 | 2.20±0.95 | 2.54±0.84 | ||
| Blood glucose | 5.67 | 5.56±0.93 | 5.92±0.90 | 5.59±0.52 | 5.29±0.57 | 6.15±0.97 | 4.94±0 | 5.94±1.58 | 6.05±1.27 | 6.16±1.29 | 6.15±1.24 | ||
| Arterial oxygen pressure (PaO) | 10.74 | 9.72±4.53 | 10.31±2.98 | 8.85±3.82 | 8.73±4.04 | 11.48±6.57 | 4.70±0 | 15.08±3.31 | 9.43±3.74 | 5.35±2.11 | 9.73±4.82 | ||
| Arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO) | 5.28 | 5.16±0.66 | 5.01±0.57 | 5.24±0.49 | 5.32±.040 | 4.44±0.32 | 6.73±0 | 4.70±0.81 | 4.57±0.71 | 5.76±0.50 | 4.69±0.87 | ||
| Pulmonary imaging examination (Yea: No=92: 1) | X-ray (n=114) | No abnorma-lities, 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Bronchitis, 67 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 35 | ||
| Pneumonia, 40 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 25 | ||
| CT (n=41) | No abnorma-lities, 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | |
| Bronchitis, 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Pneumonia, 28 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 17 | ||
| Patchy, 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 11 | ||
| Ground-glass Opacities shadow, 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2* | ||
| Strip-like, 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
| Consolida-tion, 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Nodule, 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Treatment | Oseltamivir/ paramivir | 0 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | |
| Interferon | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | ||
| Antibiotics | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 48 | ||
| IVIG | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | ||
| Glucocorticoids, GCs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Chinese medicine/ Chinese patent medicine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | ||
| Outcome | Healed and discharged (n=144) | 0 | 18 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 92 | |
| Transferred to Confirmed Ward(n=1) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Transferred to other wards(n=15) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11 | ||
| Transferred to PICU(n=1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Follow-up after 21 days | Normal status (n=160) | 1 | 18 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 102 | |
| Still in hospital (n=1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| * A 13-year-old sister of the confirmed COVID-19 patient had similar changes in her chest CT without any symptom and was negative for multiple times of pharynx and anal swabs RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. # Four patients detected other etiology, including (Sepsis), (pneumoniae), (urinary tract infection) and Mumps. | |||||||||||||