29 September 2021>: Clinical Research
Identification of Risk Factors for Intraoperative Acquired Pressure Injury in Patients Undergoing Neurosurgery: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Ying Wu 1AD* , Zhiqun Jiang 2AF* , Shuzhen Huang 1BCD , Bin Shi 1BCD , Chan Wang 1BCD , Yu Zeng 1BEG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.932340
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932340
Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics.
Variable | Overall (n=465) | Patient status | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Non-IAPI (n=396) | IAPI (n=69) | |||
Age (years) | 52.00 (44.00, 60.00) | 52.00 (44.00, 60.00) | 54.00 (44.00, 62.00) | 0.380 |
18–40 | 88 (18.92) | 74 (18.69) | 14 (20.29) | 0.038 |
41–65 | 324 (69.68) | 281 (70.96) | 43 (62.32) | |
>65 | 53 (11.40) | 41 (10.35) | 12 (17.39) | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 185 (39.78) | 149 (37.63) | 36 (52.17) | 0.001 |
Female | 280 (60.22) | 247 (62.37) | 33 (47.83) | |
BMI (kg/m) | 21.70 (20.00, 23.90) | 21.60 (20.10, 23.60) | 23.00 (19.40, 25.40) | 0.059 |
39 (8.39) | 29 (7.32) | 10 (14.49) | ||
18.0–23.0 | 312 (67.10) | 283 (71.46) | 29 (42.03) | |
>23.0 | 114 (24.52) | 84 (21.21) | 30 (43.48) | |
Smoking status | ||||
No | 425 (91.40) | 367 (92.68) | 58 (84.06) | |
Yes | 40 (8.60) | 29 (7.32) | 11 (15.94) | |
Hypertension | ||||
No | 282 (60.65) | 246 (62.12) | 36 (52.17) | 0.027 |
Yes | 183 (39.35) | 150 (37.88) | 33 (47.83) | |
Diabetes | ||||
No | 441 (94.84) | 377 (95.20) | 64 (92.75) | 0.230 |
Yes | 24 (5.16) | 19 (4.80) | 5 (7.25) | |
History of surgery | ||||
No | 358 (76.99) | 308 (77.78) | 50 (72.46) | 0.171 |
Yes | 107 (23.01) | 88 (22.22) | 19 (27.54) | |
Physical activity | ||||
No | 436 (93.76) | 371 (93.69) | 65 (94.20) | 0.817 |
Yes | 29 (6.24) | 25 (6.31) | 4 (5.80) | |
Hemoglobin | 132.00 (122.00, 143.00) | 131.00 (122.00, 142.00) | 141.00 (123.00, 149.00) | 0.001 |
Low | 37 (7.96) | 34 (8.59) | 3 (4.35) | 0.015 |
Normal | 411 (88.39) | 350 (88.38) | 61 (88.41) | |
High | 17 (3.66) | 12 (3.03) | 5 (7.25) | |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 43.00 (40.70, 45.20) | 43.10 (40.70, 45.25) | 42.90 (40.90, 45.00) | 0.458 |
11 (2.37) | 7 (1.77) | 4 (5.80) | 0.010 | |
≥35 | 454 (97.63) | 389 (98.23) | 65 (94.20) | |
Intraoperative position | ||||
Supine | 291 (62.58) | 280 (70.71) | 11 (15.94) | |
Prone position | 67 (14.41) | 53 (13.38) | 14 (20.29) | |
Lateral position | 107 (23.01) | 63 (15.91) | 44 (63.77) | |
Position pad | ||||
Gel pad | 247 (53.12) | 197 (49.75) | 50 (72.46) | |
General sponge mat | 75 (16.13) | 63 (15.91) | 27 (17.39) | |
Memory sponge pad | 143 (30.75) | 136 (34.34) | 7 (10.14) | |
Head frame | ||||
No | 390 (83.87) | 360 (90.91) | 30 (43.48) | |
Yes | 75 (16.13) | 36 (9.09) | 39 (56.52) | |
Blood transfusion | ||||
No | 232 (49.89) | 212 (53.54) | 20 (28.99) | |
Composition of the blood | 141 (30.32) | 114 (28.79) | 27 (39.13) | |
Autologous blood | 92 (19.78) | 70 (17.68) | 22 (31.88) | |
Use of vasoactive agent | ||||
No | 275 (59.14) | 233 (58.84) | 42 (60.87) | 0.654 |
Yes | 190 (40.86) | 163 (41.16) | 27 (39.13) | |
ASA score | ||||
2 | 110 (23.66) | 99 (25.00) | 11 (15.94) | 0.054 |
3 | 346 (74.41) | 290 (73.23) | 56 (81.16) | |
4 | 9 (1.94) | 7 (1.77) | 2 (2.90) | |
Surgical time (h) | 4.75 (3.83, 6.42) | 4.50 (3.75, 5.88) | 7.08 (5.50, 8.83) | |
1–4 | 122 (26.24) | 118 (29.80) | 4 (5.80) | |
4–8 | 299 (64.30) | 255 (64.39) | 44 (63.77) | |
>8 | 44 (9.46) | 23 (5.81) | 21 (30.43) | |
Surgery type | ||||
Oncological | 377 (81.08) | 312 (78.79) | 65 (94.20) | 0.005 |
Neurovascular | 88 (18.92) | 84 (21.21) | 4 (5.80) | |
Blood loss (mL) | 400.00 (200.00, 600.00) | 350.00 (200.00, 500.00) | 500.00 (400.00, 800.00) | |
285 (61.29) | 259 (65.40) | 26 (37.68) | ||
500–1000 | 140 (30.11) | 111 (28.03) | 29 (42.03) | |
>1000 | 40 (8.60) | 26 (6.57) | 14 (20.29) | |
ASA – American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI – body mass index; IAPI – intraoperative acquired pressure injury. |