29 September 2021 : Clinical Research
Identification of Risk Factors for Intraoperative Acquired Pressure Injury in Patients Undergoing Neurosurgery: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Ying Wu1AD, Zhiqun Jiang2AF, Shuzhen Huang1BCD, Bin Shi1BCD, Chan Wang1BCD, Yu Zeng1BEG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.932340
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932340
Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics.
| Variable | Overall (n=465) | Patient status | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-IAPI (n=396) | IAPI (n=69) | |||
| Age (years) | 52.00 (44.00, 60.00) | 52.00 (44.00, 60.00) | 54.00 (44.00, 62.00) | 0.380 |
| 18–40 | 88 (18.92) | 74 (18.69) | 14 (20.29) | 0.038 |
| 41–65 | 324 (69.68) | 281 (70.96) | 43 (62.32) | |
| >65 | 53 (11.40) | 41 (10.35) | 12 (17.39) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 185 (39.78) | 149 (37.63) | 36 (52.17) | 0.001 |
| Female | 280 (60.22) | 247 (62.37) | 33 (47.83) | |
| BMI (kg/m) | 21.70 (20.00, 23.90) | 21.60 (20.10, 23.60) | 23.00 (19.40, 25.40) | 0.059 |
| <18.5 | 39 (8.39) | 29 (7.32) | 10 (14.49) | <0.001 |
| 18.0–23.0 | 312 (67.10) | 283 (71.46) | 29 (42.03) | |
| >23.0 | 114 (24.52) | 84 (21.21) | 30 (43.48) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| No | 425 (91.40) | 367 (92.68) | 58 (84.06) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 40 (8.60) | 29 (7.32) | 11 (15.94) | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 282 (60.65) | 246 (62.12) | 36 (52.17) | 0.027 |
| Yes | 183 (39.35) | 150 (37.88) | 33 (47.83) | |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 441 (94.84) | 377 (95.20) | 64 (92.75) | 0.230 |
| Yes | 24 (5.16) | 19 (4.80) | 5 (7.25) | |
| History of surgery | ||||
| No | 358 (76.99) | 308 (77.78) | 50 (72.46) | 0.171 |
| Yes | 107 (23.01) | 88 (22.22) | 19 (27.54) | |
| Physical activity | ||||
| No | 436 (93.76) | 371 (93.69) | 65 (94.20) | 0.817 |
| Yes | 29 (6.24) | 25 (6.31) | 4 (5.80) | |
| Hemoglobin | 132.00 (122.00, 143.00) | 131.00 (122.00, 142.00) | 141.00 (123.00, 149.00) | 0.001 |
| Low | 37 (7.96) | 34 (8.59) | 3 (4.35) | 0.015 |
| Normal | 411 (88.39) | 350 (88.38) | 61 (88.41) | |
| High | 17 (3.66) | 12 (3.03) | 5 (7.25) | |
| Serum albumin (g/L) | 43.00 (40.70, 45.20) | 43.10 (40.70, 45.25) | 42.90 (40.90, 45.00) | 0.458 |
| <35 | 11 (2.37) | 7 (1.77) | 4 (5.80) | 0.010 |
| ≥35 | 454 (97.63) | 389 (98.23) | 65 (94.20) | |
| Intraoperative position | ||||
| Supine | 291 (62.58) | 280 (70.71) | 11 (15.94) | <0.001 |
| Prone position | 67 (14.41) | 53 (13.38) | 14 (20.29) | |
| Lateral position | 107 (23.01) | 63 (15.91) | 44 (63.77) | |
| Position pad | ||||
| Gel pad | 247 (53.12) | 197 (49.75) | 50 (72.46) | <0.001 |
| General sponge mat | 75 (16.13) | 63 (15.91) | 27 (17.39) | |
| Memory sponge pad | 143 (30.75) | 136 (34.34) | 7 (10.14) | |
| Head frame | ||||
| No | 390 (83.87) | 360 (90.91) | 30 (43.48) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 75 (16.13) | 36 (9.09) | 39 (56.52) | |
| Blood transfusion | ||||
| No | 232 (49.89) | 212 (53.54) | 20 (28.99) | <0.001 |
| Composition of the blood | 141 (30.32) | 114 (28.79) | 27 (39.13) | |
| Autologous blood | 92 (19.78) | 70 (17.68) | 22 (31.88) | |
| Use of vasoactive agent | ||||
| No | 275 (59.14) | 233 (58.84) | 42 (60.87) | 0.654 |
| Yes | 190 (40.86) | 163 (41.16) | 27 (39.13) | |
| ASA score | ||||
| 2 | 110 (23.66) | 99 (25.00) | 11 (15.94) | 0.054 |
| 3 | 346 (74.41) | 290 (73.23) | 56 (81.16) | |
| 4 | 9 (1.94) | 7 (1.77) | 2 (2.90) | |
| Surgical time (h) | 4.75 (3.83, 6.42) | 4.50 (3.75, 5.88) | 7.08 (5.50, 8.83) | <0.001 |
| 1–4 | 122 (26.24) | 118 (29.80) | 4 (5.80) | <0.001 |
| 4–8 | 299 (64.30) | 255 (64.39) | 44 (63.77) | |
| >8 | 44 (9.46) | 23 (5.81) | 21 (30.43) | |
| Surgery type | ||||
| Oncological | 377 (81.08) | 312 (78.79) | 65 (94.20) | 0.005 |
| Neurovascular | 88 (18.92) | 84 (21.21) | 4 (5.80) | |
| Blood loss (mL) | 400.00 (200.00, 600.00) | 350.00 (200.00, 500.00) | 500.00 (400.00, 800.00) | <0.001 |
| <500 | 285 (61.29) | 259 (65.40) | 26 (37.68) | <0.001 |
| 500–1000 | 140 (30.11) | 111 (28.03) | 29 (42.03) | |
| >1000 | 40 (8.60) | 26 (6.57) | 14 (20.29) | |
| ASA – American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI – body mass index; IAPI – intraoperative acquired pressure injury. | ||||