Epidemiology of Birth Defects in Eastern China and the Associated Risk Factors

17 January 2022 : Clinical Research

Qiao-Qiao Wang^1BEG*, Cha-Ying He^2AC, Jin Mei^3ADF, Yi-Lin Xu^4BC

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.933782

Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e933782

Background Material and Methods Results Discussion Conclusions References

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Table 4 Correlation between important demographic characteristics and birth defects (P<0.01).

Factors and birth defects	R	P
Mother’s age
Conjoined twins	0.086	<0.0001
Gravidity
Down’s syndrome	−0.045	0.003
Parity
Cleft spine	−0.071	<0.0001
Encephalocele	0.048	0.001
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia	−0.082	<0.0001
Cleft palate	−0.041	0.007
Umbilical bulge	−0.057	<0.0001
Cleft lip	−0.112	<0.0001
Gastroschisis	−0.049	0.001
Conjoined twins	−0.072	<0.0001
Small ears (or no ears)	0.053	0.001
Down syndrome	0.044	0.004
Esophageal atresia	0.059	<0.0001
Bladder exstrophy	−0.040	0.008
Family monthly income
Syndactyly	0.044	0.004
Down syndrome	−0.041	0.007
Esophageal atresia	−0.042	0.006
Hypospadias	0.054	<0.0001
Education level
Anencephaly	−0.043	0.005
Encephalocele	−0.050	0.001
Down syndrome	0.089	<0.0001
Esophageal atresia	−0.051	0.001
Sex (Male=1, Female=2)
Anencephaly	0.046	0.002
Cleft spine	0.048	0.001
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia	0.097	<0.0001
Umbilical bulge	0.095	<0.0001
Gastroschisis	0.068	<0.0001

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