09 February 2022: Clinical Research
A Risk Prediction Model for Prolonged Length of Stay in Patients with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Study of 225 Patients in a Single Center in Kunming, China
Lifen Yang 1ABCDEFG* , Meihua Li 1BCD , Jingkui Shu 2BCD , Yanxia Yang 1BCD , Qian Huang 3BCDDOI: 10.12659/MSM.934392
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e934392
Table 1 Differences in baseline characteristics.
| Variable | Total (n=225) | Group | Statistic | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOS ≤7 days (n=73) | LOS >7 days (n=152) | ||||
| Sex, n(%) | χ=2.811 | 0.094 | |||
| Male | 194 (86.22) | 67 (91.78) | 127 (83.55) | ||
| Female | 31 (13.78) | 6 (8.22) | 25 (16.45) | ||
| Age (years), mean±SD | 71.23±8.43 | 69.21±8.22 | 72.20±8.36 | t=−2.515 | 0.013 |
| BMI (kg/m), mean±SD | 22.34±2.72 | 22.37±2.16 | 22.33±2.95 | t=0.137 | 0.891 |
| Nationality, n(%) | – | 1.000 | |||
| Han | 223 (99.11) | 73 (100.00) | 150 (98.68) | ||
| Others | 2 (0.89) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (1.32) | ||
| Past medical history, n(%) | |||||
| Drug or other allergies | 65 (28.89) | 22 (30.14) | 43 (28.29) | χ=0.082 | 0.775 |
| Surgery | 122 (54.22) | 35 (47.95) | 87 (57.24) | χ=1.715 | 0.190 |
| Hypertension | 107 (47.56) | 34 (46.58) | 73 (48.03) | χ=0.042 | 0.838 |
| Diabetes | 26 (11.56) | 9 (12.33) | 17 (11.18) | χ=0.063 | 0.801 |
| Smoking | 177 (78.67) | 59 (80.82) | 118 (77.63) | χ=0.299 | 0.585 |
| Alcohol use | 97 (43.11) | 33 (45.21) | 64 (42.11) | χ=0.193 | 0.660 |
| Medication history, n(%) | |||||
| Corticosteroids | 32 (14.22) | 9 (12.33) | 23 (15.13) | χ=0.318 | 0.573 |
| Antibiotics | 77 (34.22) | 22 (30.14) | 55 (36.18) | χ=0.801 | 0.371 |
| Home therapy, n(%) | |||||
| 6Long-term oxygen therapy | 126 (56.00) | 29 (39.73) | 97 (63.82) | χ=11.615 | |
| Short-acting β2 agonists | 174 (77.33) | 49 (67.12) | 125 (82.24) | χ=6.426 | 0.011 |
| Long-acting β2 agonists | 103 (45.78) | 31 (42.47) | 72 (47.37) | χ=0.478 | 0.490 |
| Anticholinergics | 18 (8.00) | 7 (9.59) | 11 (7.24) | χ=0.371 | 0.543 |
| Season of COPD exacerbation, n(%) | |||||
| Spring | 82 (36.44) | 32 (43.84) | 50 (32.89) | χ=2.549 | 0.110 |
| Summer | 91 (40.44) | 28 (38.36) | 63 (41.45) | χ=0.196 | 0.658 |
| Autumn | 72 (32.00) | 15 (20.55) | 57 (37.50) | χ=6.513 | 0.011 |
| Winter | 128 (56.89) | 37 (50.68) | 91 (59.87) | χ=1.696 | 0.193 |
| Number of exacerbations last year, n(%) | Z=−1.845 | 0.065 | |||
| 0–1 | 109 (48.44) | 41 (56.16) | 68 (44.74) | ||
| 2 | 49 (21.78) | 16 (21.92) | 33 (21.71) | ||
| ≥3 | 67 (29.78) | 16 (21.92) | 51 (33.55) | ||
| Blood routine examination | |||||
| WBC (10/L), M(Q, Q) | 7.02 (5.64, 9.85) | 7.05 (5.51, 10.02) | 7.00 (6.02, 9.51) | Z=0.308 | 0.758 |
| RBC (10/L), Mean±SD | 4.93±0.83 | 4.93±0.82 | 4.92±0.85 | t=0.08 | 0.936 |
| PCV, Mean±SD | 0.46±0.08 | 0.46±0.07 | 0.46±0.08 | t=0.27 | 0.785 |
| Hb (g/L), Mean±SD | 150.47±24.16 | 150.16±23.94 | 151.10±24.77 | t=−0.27 | 0.787 |
| PLT (10/L), M(Q, Q) | 184.00 (147.00, 229.00) | 181.00 (145.50, 227.50) | 193.00 (152.00, 233.00) | Z=0.683 | 0.495 |
| NEUT (10/L), M(Q, Q) | 4.80 (3.78, 7.20) | 4.90 (3.84, 7.78) | 4.66 (3.53,6.26) | Z=−1.230 | 0.219 |
| LY (10/L), M(Q, Q) | 1.20 (0.80,1.70) | 1.10 (0.80, 1.50) | 1.40 (0.80, 1.90) | Z=1.906 | 0.057 |
| Blood gas analysis | |||||
| pH, Mean±SD | 7.42±0.08 | 7.41±0.09 | 7.43±0.04 | t=−2.69 | 0.008 |
| PaCO (mmHg), Mean±SD | 43.68±13.07 | 44.95±13.95 | 41.04±10.60 | t=2.33 | 0.021 |
| PaO/FiO (mmHg), M(Q, Q) | 238.00 (206.00, 270.00) | 244.00 (211.00, 272.50) | 234.00 (189.00, 270.00) | Z=−1.666 | 0.096 |
| HCO (mmol/L), Mean±SD | 27.93±5.33 | 28.48±5.34 | 26.80±5.16 | t=2.23 | 0.027 |
| BE (mmol/L), M(Q, Q) | 2.00 (1.00, 5.30) | 2.55 (1.10, 5.70) | 1.90 (0.80, 4.10) | Z=−1.727 | 0.084 |
| Infection markers test, M(Q, Q) | |||||
| CRP (mg/L) | 8.17 (2.60, 35.93) | 6.81 (2.69, 31.90) | 10.31 (2.44, 44.70) | Z=0.806 | 0.420 |
| PCT (μg/L) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.11) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.10) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.13) | Z=1.625 | 0.104 |
| Amyloid (mg/L) | 97.00 (28.10, 199.00) | 108.15 (33.95, 202.00) | 61.70 (17.20, 181.00) | Z=−1.752 | 0.080 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 10.80 (4.70,28.90) | 11.35 (4.90, 31.45) | 9.60 (4.40, 23.40) | Z=−0.410 | 0.682 |
| Bacteria in sputum, n(%) | 186 (83.04) | 62 (86.11) | 124 (81.58) | χ=0.712 | 0.399 |
| mMRC scale, n(%) | χ=14.581 | ||||
| 0–1 | 67 (29.78) | 34 (46.58) | 33 (21.71) | ||
| 2–4 | 158 (70.22) | 39 (53.42) | 119 (78.29) | ||
| Charlson index, n(%) | χ=7.769 | 0.005 | |||
| 1 | 183 (81.33) | 67 (91.78) | 116 (76.32) | ||
| 2 | 42 (18.67) | 6 (8.22) | 36 (23.68) | ||
| LOS – length of stay; BMI – body mass index; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WBC – white blood cell; RBC – red blood cell; PCV – packed-cell volume; Hb – hemoglobin; PLT – platelet; NEUT – neutrophil; LY – lymphocyte; PaCO – partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure; PaO/FiO – the ratio of partial arterial oxygen pressure to the fraction of inspired oxygen; BE – base excess; CRP – C-reactive protein; PCT – procalcitonin; mMRC – modified Medical Research Council; SD – standard deviation; M(Q, Q) – median and quartile; n(%) – the number of cases and the constituent ratio; -: using Fisher’s test. | |||||