26 May 2022: Clinical Research
Evaluation of Patients with Angiographically-Confirmed Coronary Artery Disease to Investigate the Association Between Epicardial Fat Thickness and Atrial Fibrillation
Xiaoxia Xu 1ABF* , Qina Zhou 2CDE* , Chongyuan Ren 1BF , Fengdan Wang 1BC , Yixin Chen 1BD , Hui Sun 1ADFG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.936446
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936446
Table 1 Comparison of baseline clinical characteristics. Normally distributed variables are described as mean and standard deviation, while non-normally distributed variables are described as median. Categorical characteristics are presented as n (%).
| CAD+AF group (n=83) | CAD group (n=116) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 72.40±8.69 | 70.43±8.32 | 0.108 |
| Male, n (%) | 46 (55.4%) | 74 (63.8%) | 0.234 |
| Height (cm) | 165.55±8.54 | 165.56±7.65 | 0.996 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.92±12.00 | 67.26±10.61 | 0.101 |
| BMI (kg/m) | 25.48±3.76 | 24.44±3.16 | 0.037 |
| Paroxysmal AF (%) | 48 (57.8%) | – | – |
| Persistent or long persistent AF (%) | 35 (42.2%) | – | – |
| Smoking | 16 (19.3%) | 33 (28.4%) | 0.182 |
| DM | 27 (32.5%) | 41 (35.3%) | 0.680 |
| Hypertension | 62 (74.7%) | 76 (65.6%) | 0.166 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.60±20.74 | 137.97±25.51 | 0.015 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.35±13.01 | 75.88±13.54 | 0.782 |
| EFT (long-axis end-systole) (mm) | 6.86±1.96 | 5.91±1.71 | |
| EFT (long-axis end-diastole) (mm) | 5.53±1.87 | 4.48±1.50 | |
| EFT (short-axis end-systole) (mm) | 6.80±1.93 | 5.74±1.70 | |
| EFT (short-axis end-diastole) (mm) | 5.51±1.85 | 4.42±1.48 | |
| LA diameter (mm) | 43.12±5.84 | 36.51±4.50 | |
| LVEDD (mm) | 47.08±5.66 | 45.59±5.77 | 0.72 |
| LVESD (mm) | 30.00 (28.00–33.00) | 29.00 (27.00–32.00) | 0.48 |
| LVEF (%) | 56.00 (53.00–60.00) | 60.00 (50.00–63.00) | 0.311 |
| CTn-T (ng/ml) | 0.015 (0.010–0.028) | 0.019 (0.008–0.116) | 0.214 |
| Myoglobin (ng/ml) | 43.32 (29.76–67.85) | 42.78 (24.95–97.76) | 0.460 |
| BNP (pg/L) | 998.9 (365.6–2397.0) | 184.35 (53.44–951.82) | 0.000 |
| CK-MB (ng/ml) | 2.17 (1.49–2.72) | 2.32 (1.33–7.17) | 0.124 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.98 (1.64–3.42) | 2.98 (2.66–8.72) | 0.139 |
| D-dimer (mg/L) | 0.45 (0.32–0.79) | 0.47 (0.26–0.79) | 0.423 |
| HbA1c% | 6.33 (5.90–7.04) | 6.19 (5.81–7.27) | 0.996 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.66±0.96 | 3.86±1.02 | 0.184 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.62±0.62 | 1.52±0.82 | 0.355 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.11±0.29 | 1.05±0.32 | 0.237 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.05±0.73 | 2.21±0.89 | 0.177 |
| ALT (U/L) | 17.60 (12.80–31.10) | 20.60 (13.30–35.68) | 0.196 |
| AST (U/L) | 20.40 (16.70–32.20) | 22.75 (17.23–37.03) | 0.181 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 85.00 (72.00–104.00) | 76.00 (65.15–96.00) | 0.015 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 6.77 (5.52–8.53) | 5.56 (4.28–7.13) | 0.001 |
| CAD – coronary artery diseases; AF – atrial fibrillation; BMI – body mass index; DM – diabetes mellitus; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; EFT – epicardial fat thickness; LA – left atrial; LVEDD – left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD – left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction; BNP – B-type natriuretic peptide; CK-MB – creatine kinase-MB; CRP – C-reactive protein (CRP); HbA1c – hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C – high- density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C – low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT – alanine transaminase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; Cr – creatinine; BUN – blood urea nitrogen. | |||