27 May 2022 : Clinical Research
Factors Associated with Falls During Hospitalization for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Marcin Mikos1ABCDE*, Błażej Szydło2BCE, Ivan Szergyuk
3CDEF, Maria Helena Santos de Oliveira 4BCD, Michał Kuboń2BCD, Grzegorz Juszczyk5AE, Brandon Michael Henry6CE
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.936547
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936547
Table 1 Demographic, comorbidity, and clinical data in total sample of COVID-19 patients and stratified by whether the patient fell.
| Variable | Total sample (n=312) | No fall (n=301) | Fall (n=11) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 75 (66–83) | 75 (66–83) | 76 (65.5–86.5) | 0.685 | |
| Sex | Female | 152 | 147 (96.7%) | 5 (3.3%) | 1 |
| Male | 160 | 154 (96.3%) | 6 (3.8%) | ||
| Weight, kg | 80 (70–90) | 80 (70–90) | 80 (72–88.5) | 0.965 | |
| Height, cm | 167 (160–175) | 168 (160–175) | 163 (159–171) | 0.409 | |
| BMI, kg/m | 27.6 (24.2–30.9) | 27.8 (24.2–30.9) | 25.2 (23.7–28.8) | 0.342 | |
| Arrhythmia | Yes | 21 | 15 (71.4%) | 6 (28.6%) | |
| No | 291 | 286 (98.3%) | 5 (1.7%) | ||
| Smoking | Yes | 55 | 54 (98.2%) | 1 (1.8%) | 1 |
| No | 172 | 169 (98.3%) | 3 (1.7%) | ||
| Hypertension | Yes | 230 | 221 (96.1%) | 9 (3.9%) | 0.735 |
| No | 80 | 78 (97.5%) | 2 (2.5%) | ||
| Obesity | Yes | 67 | 65 (97.0%) | 2 (3.0%) | 1 |
| No | 161 | 154 (95.7%) | 7 (4.3%) | ||
| Diabetes | Yes | 115 | 112 (97.4%) | 3 (2.6%) | 0.752 |
| No | 195 | 187 (95.9%) | 8 (4.1%) | ||
| COPD/asthma | Yes | 47 | 47 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.382 |
| No | 263 | 252 (95.8%) | 11 (4.2%) | ||
| Rheumatological condition | Yes | 17 | 16 (94.1%) | 1 (5.9%) | 0.467 |
| No | 294 | 284 (96.6%) | 10 (3.4%) | ||
| Stroke <2 weeks | Yes | 14 | 14 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| No | 297 | 286 (96.3%) | 11 (3.7%) | ||
| Stroke >2 weeks | Yes | 41 | 39 (95.1%) | 2 (4.9%) | 0.644 |
| No | 270 | 261 (96.7%) | 9 (3.3%) | ||
| Neoplastic disease | Yes | 42 | 40 (95.2%) | 2 (4.8%) | 0.648 |
| No | 269 | 260 (96.7%) | 9 (3.3%) | ||
| Pneumonia | Yes | 198 | 191 (96.5%) | 7 (3.5%) | 1 |
| No | 102 | 98 (96.1%) | 4 (3.9%) | ||
| Antibiotic | Yes | 211 | 203 (96.2%) | 8 (3.8%) | 1 |
| No | 100 | 97 (97.0%) | 3 (3.0%) | ||
| Remdesivir | Yes | 21 | 21 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| No | 288 | 277 (96.2%) | 11 (3.8%) | ||
| Steroid | Yes | 197 | 191 (97.0%) | 6 (3.0%) | 0.539 |
| No | 114 | 109 (95.6%) | 5 (4.4%) | ||
| Plasma (from survivors) | Yes | 6 | 6 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 |
| No | 304 | 293 (96.4%) | 11 (3.6%) | ||
| HFNOT therapy | Yes | 9 | 8 (88.9%) | 1 (11.1%) | 0.280 |
| No | 302 | 292 (96.7%) | 10 (3.3%) | ||
| Nasal cannula | Yes | 167 | 159 (95.2%) | 8 (4.8%) | 0.234 |
| No | 143 | 140 (97.9%) | 3 (2.1%) | ||
| Face mask | Yes | 78 | 74 (94.9%) | 4 (5.1%) | 0.478 |
| No | 232 | 225 (97.0%) | 7 (3.0%) | ||
| Respirator | Yes | 9 | 8 (88.9%) | 1 (11.1%) | 0.281 |
| No | 301 | 291 (96.7%) | 10 (3.3%) | ||
| Hospitalization duration, days | 12 (8–14) | 12 (8–14) | 13 (11–16.5) | 0.239 | |
| Place of discharge | Home | 192 | 189 (98.4%) | 3 (1.6%) | |
| Internal ward | 58 | 52 (89.7%) | 6 (10.3%) | ||
| ICU | 10 | 9 (90.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | ||
| Death | Yes | 52 | 51 (98.1%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.695 |
| No | 236 | 226 (95.8%) | 10 (4.2%) | ||
| All continuous data presented as median (IQR), with P-values calculated using Mann-Whitney’s U test. All categorical data presented as frequency (%), with P-values calculated using Fisher’s exact test. BMI – body mass index; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HFNOT – high-flow nasal oxygen therapy; ICU – intensive care unit. Statistical significance denoted with bold text. | |||||