11 October 2022>: Clinical Research
Development of a Practical Screening Tool to Predict Sarcopenia in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Xiaoju Du 12ABCDEF* , Guanjie Chen 3ABCE* , Hailin Zhang 1ADG* , Yuping Liu 4BD , Feng Gu 4BF , Ying Wang 2BD , Lixia Yin 5DGDOI: 10.12659/MSM.937504
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937504
Table 1 Univariate analysis of associated factors with sarcopenia in patients on maintenance dialysis (MHD).
Variable | MHD (N=589) | Without sarcopenia (n=488) | With sarcopenia (n=101) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 54 (44, 64)a | 66 (61, 73)a | 52 (42, 59)a | * |
Sex | 0.356** | |||
Male | 385 (65.4)b | 323 (66.2)b | 62 (61.4)b | |
Female | 204 (34.6)b | 165 (33.8)b | 39 (38.6)b | |
Marital status | 0.772** | |||
Married | 479 (81.3)b | 398 (81.6)b | 81 (80.2)b | |
Unmarried | 51 (8.7)b | 43 (8.8)b | 8 (7.9)b | |
Divorced or other | 59 (10.0)b | 47 (9.6)b | 12 (11.9)b | |
Education level (years) | 0.065* | |||
≤6 | 281 (33.0)b | 93 (42.7)b | 72 (59.0)b | |
6–9 | 335 (39.3)b | 82 (37.6)b | 37 (30.3)b | |
≥9 | 236 (27.7)b | 43 (19.7)b | 13 (10.7)b | |
Monthly income (yuan) | 0.351** | |||
≤3000 | 553 (64.9)b | 137 (62.8)b | 82 (67.2)b | |
>3000 | 299 (35.1)b | 81 (37.2)b | 40 (32.8)b | |
Primary renal disease | 0.374** | |||
Hypertensive | 193 (22.7)b | 51 (23.4)b | 23 (18.9)b | |
Diabetes | 259 (30.4)b | 79 (36.2)b | 56 (45.9)b | |
Glomerulonephritis | 210 (24.6)b | 24 (11.0)b | 12 (9.8)b | |
Polycystic kidney | ||||
Others | 190 (22.3)b | 64 (29.4)b | 31 (25.4)b | |
Duration of dialysis (moths) | 0.878** | |||
375 (44.0)b | 93 (42.7)b | 51 (41.8)b | ||
≥36 | 477 (56.0)b | 125 (57.3)b | 71 (58.2)b | |
CCI score | 3 (0, 5)a | 3 (2, 5)a | 4 (3, 5)a | * |
Alb (g/L) | 39.90 (36.9, 42.90)a | 40.10 (37.40, 43.20)a | 38.00 (34.70, 42.00)a | * |
Hb (g/L) | 99.09±19.22c | 99.25±18.77c | 98.29±21.38c | 0.674# |
BUN (mmol/L) | 26.17±7.78c | 26.43±7.58c | 24.88±8.61c | 0.067# |
SCr (umol/L) | 896.78±261.53c | 936.62±252.13c | 704.30±217.76c | # |
Ca (mmol/L) | 2.13 (1.99, 2.28)a | 2.13 (1.99, 2.29)a | 2.12 (1.99, 2.25)a | 0.156* |
P (mmol/L) | 1.96±10.59c | 1.98±0.59c | 1.89±0.62c | 0.157# |
iPTH (pg/mL) | 321.50 (175.20, 539.40)a | 320.87 (177.40, 547.50)a | 322.20 (160.70, 502.30)a | 0.615* |
TC (mmol/L) | 3.70 (3.19, 4.35)a | 3.70 (3.18, 4.32)a | 3.71 (3.24, 4.63)a | 0.445* |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.26 (0.88, 1.80)a | 1.27 (0.88, 1.85)a | 1.23 (0.84, 1.56)a | 0.150* |
BMI (kg/m) | 22.7 (20.4, 25.1)a | 23.4 (20.9, 25.7)a | 20.4 (18.6, 22.5)a | * |
MAC (cm) | 28.0 (25.5, 30.5)a | 29.0 (26.0, 31.0)a | 26.0 (24.0, 27.5)a | * |
CC (cm) | 33.2 (30.7, 35.2)a | 33.7 (31.5, 35.7)a | 29.5 (27.7, 30.7)a | * |
PA level | * | |||
Low | 315 (53.5)b | 241 (49.4)b | 74 (73.3)b | |
Moderate | 258 (43.8)b | 232 (47.5)b | 26 (25.7)b | |
High | 16 (2.7)b | 15 (3.1)b | 1 (1.0)b | |
MQSGA Score | 10 (10, 13)a | 10 (10, 13)a | 13 (10, 15)a | * |
HADS Score | ||||
Anxiety | 2 (1, 5)a | 2 (1, 5)a | 3 (1, 5)a | 0.334* |
Depression | 6 (2, 9)a | 5 (2, 9)a | 7 (4, 11)a | 0.001* |
a Median (inter-quartile range); b n (%); c mean±standard deviation; * Mann-Whitney U test; ** Chi-squared test; # test. Alb – albumin; BMI – body mass index; Ca – calcium; BUN – blood urea nitrogen; CC – calf circumference; CCI – Charlson comorbidity index; HADS – Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Hb – hemoglobin; iPTH – intact parathyroid hormone; MAC – middle-arm circumference; MQSGA – modified quantitative subjective global assessment; P – phosphorus; PA – physical activity; SCr – serum creatinine; TC – total cholesterol; TG – triglycerides. |