Autophagy and Its Association with Genetic Mutations in Parkinson Disease

Nour S. Erekat

doi:10.12659/MSM.938519

11 November 2022 : Review article

Autophagy and Its Association with Genetic Mutations in Parkinson Disease

Nour S. Erekat^1EF*

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938519

Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e938519

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Background Autophagy Role of Autophagy in Parkinson Disease Potential Therapeutic Involvement of Autophagy in Parkinson Disease Future Developments in Gene-Based Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson Disease Conclusions References

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Table 1 Future developments in gene-based treatment of Parkinson disease.

Target	Drug	Mechanism of action	References
α-synuclein	Antisense oligonuleotides	Reducing α-synuclein expression in animals	[]¹³⁴
	NPT200-11	Inhibiting α-synuclein misfolding	[]¹³⁶
	Nilotinib	Augmenting the autophagic elimination of α-synuclein	[,]¹³⁵
	Prasinuzemab	Passive immunotherapy against α-synuclein	[]¹³⁹
	PD03A	Active immunotherapy against α-synuclein	[]¹⁴⁰
LRRK2	DNL201	Selective inhibition of LRRK2 kinase	[]¹⁴²
LRRK2	Antisense oligonuleotides	Suppressing the overall kinase activity of LRRK2	[]¹⁴³
GCase	PR001A	Augmenting GCase activity using gene therapy	[]¹⁴⁹
GCase	Ambroxol	Increasing GCase activity	[]¹⁴⁴
LRRK2 – leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; GCase – β-glucocerebrosidase.

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Autophagy and Its Association with Genetic Mutations in Parkinson Disease

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