20 December 2022: Meta-Analysis
Prevalence of Burnout in Healthcare Specialties: A Systematic Review Using Copenhagen and Maslach Burnout Inventories
Maram A. Alahmari 1ABG , Mohammed M. Al Moaleem 23ADEF* , Bassam A. Hamdi 4BG , Mada Abdulaziz Hamzi 4BG , Anaheed Talaj Aljadaani 4BG , Fatima Ali Khormi 4ABCDG , Maram Ahmed Darraj 4BG , Raneem J. Shrwani 5BFG , Asma Ahmed AlOmar 5BFG , Manal Kinani Tahhah 4BG , Mohanad A. Alyousefy 6ACDEF , Fuad A. Al Sanabanei 2ACEFDOI: 10.12659/MSM.938798
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e938798
Table 3 Characteristics of studies conducted using Maslach Burnout Inventories and its types for burnout measurement (n=28).
| Research/study year/country | Study title | Study design/sample size/RR | Specialty tested | Overall mean, %/Burnout type: Emotional exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), Personal achievement (PA) | Important finding and outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soler et al/2008/Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Poland, etc []39 | Burnout in European family doctor | CSSN=1393/RR=41% | Family Doctors | 12%EE=43%DP=35%PA=32% | SD ↔ Gender ↑ MalesNSD ↔ Country |
| Zantinge et al/2009/Netherlands []40 | Does burnout among doctors affect their involvement in patients’ mental health problems? | POS video-recorded and questionnaireN=142/RR=89% | General Practitioners | NMEE=7%DP=11%PA=22% | SD ↔ Academic levelNSD ↔ Gender, Age |
| Prins et al/2010/Netherlands []41 | Burnout and engagement among resident doctors in the Netherlands: A national study | DCSSN=5140/RR=41% | Medical Residents | 21%EE =30%DP=38%PA=14% | SD ↔ Gender ↑ FemalesNSD ↔ Years in training |
| Blanchard et al/2010/France []42 | Prevalence and causes of burnout amongst oncology residents | DCSSN=340/RR=60% | Oncology Residents | 44%EE=26%DP=35%PA ----- | SD ↔ Gender, ↑ Females ↑ MarriedNSD ↔ Specialty |
| Galan et al/2011/Spain []43 | Burnout risk in medical students in Spain using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. International archives of occupational and environmental health | CSSN=270/RR=NM | Medical Students | 25.6%37.5% for 3 years14.8% for 6 years | SD ↔ 3 and 6 yearsNSD ↔ Gender |
| Ruitenburg et al/2012/Netherlands []44 | The prevalence of common mental disorders among hospital physicians and their association with self-reported work ability | CSSN=422/RR=51% | Physicians in Medical Center | 6% | SD ↔ Gender ↑ FemalesNSD ↔ Age |
| Siu et al/2012/Hong Kong []45 | Burnout among public doctors in Hong Kong | CSSN=226/RR=23% | Public Hospital Doctors | 31.4% | SD ↔ ↑ Working shifts = ↑ burnout |
| Cecil et al/2014/United Kingdom []46 | Behaviour and burnout in medical students | CSSN=356/RR=NM | Medical Students | 26.5%EE=55%DP=34%PA =47% | SD ↔ Different levelsNSD ↔ Gender |
| Takayesu et al/2014/United State []47 | Factors associated with burnout during emergency medicine residency | DCSSN=289/RR=75% | Emergency Medicine Residents | 65%EE=33%DP=59%PA =14% | SD ↔ Gender, ↑ Males |
| Kushnir et al/2014/Israel []48 | Is burnout associated with referral rates among primary care physicians in community clinics? | CSOSN=136/RR=99% | General Practitioners/Primary care | 56%EE=44.5%DP=36%PA=31.6% | SD ↔ Workload (↑ workload = ↑ burnout) |
| Yuguero Torres et al/2015/Spain []49 | Association between sick leave prescribing practices and physician burnout and empathy | POS (1 year)N=5140/RR=41% | General Practitioners | 2.3%EE=20.9%%DP=16.3%%PA=74.4%% | SD ↔ Empathy (↑ Empathy = ↑ burnout)NSD ↔ Gender |
| Garrouste-Orgeaset al/2015/France []50 | The Iatroref study: Medical errors are associated with symptoms of depression in ICU staff but not burnout or safety culture | POS (2 years)N=1988/RR=77% | Intensive Care Unit/Doctors | 2.5%EE=10.6%DP=24.5%PA=31.5% | NM |
| Intensive Care Unit/Nurses & Care Workers | 3.7%EE=13.4%DP=15.8%PA=31.6% | ||||
| Albalawi et al/2015/Saudi Arabia []51 | The assessment of the burnout syndrome among medical students in Tabuk University, a cross-sectional analytic study | CSASN=140/RR=79% | Medical Students | 48.6% | NSD ↔ Gender |
| Aldrees et al/2015/Saudi Arabia []52 | Burnout among otolaryngology residents in Saudi Arabia | DCSSN=123/RR=69% | Otolaryngology Residents | 33%EE=62%DP=55%PA=17% | NSD ↔ Burnout types |
| Kwah et al/2016/United State []53 | The effect of burnout on medical errors and professionalism in first-year internal medicine residents | POS (1 year)N=54/RR=98% | 1 year Internal Medicine Residents | 89.2% | NM |
| Kealy et al/2016/Canada []54 | Burnout among Canadian psychiatry residents: A national survey | DCSSN=400/RR=48% | Psychiatry Residents | 21% | SD ↔ Training Years (↑ Years = ↑ burnout) |
| Elmore et al/2016/United State []55 | National survey of burnout among US general surgery residents | DCSSN=753/RR=88% | General Surgery Residents | 69%EE=57%DP=50%PA=16% | SD ↔ Gender, ↑ working hours = ↑ burnout |
| Fares et al/2016/Lebanon []56 | Extracurricular activities associated with stress and burnout in preclinical medical students | CSSN=165/RR=NM | Preclinical Medical Students | 75.2% | SD ↔ Gender ↑ Females |
| Popa-Velea et al/2017/Romania []57 | Burnout and Its relationships with alexithymia, stress, and scial support among Romanian medical students | CSSN=299/RR=75% | Medical Students | 15.1% | SD ↔ Gender ↑ Females |
| Almalki et al/2017/Saudi Arabia []58 | Burnout and its association with extracurricular activities among medical students in Saudi Arabia | CSSN=306/RR=81% | Medical Students | 67.1% | NSD ↔ Academic level |
| Baer et al/2017/United State []59 | Pediatric resident burnout and attitudes toward patients | DCSSN=258/RR=53% | Pediatric Residents | 39.1% | NSD ↔ Gender |
| Shakir et al/2017/United State []60 | The Prevalence of burnout among US neurosurgery residents | DCSSN=1200/RR=21% | Neuro-surgery Residents | 36.5% | NSD ↔ Gender, postgraduate level |
| Van Vendeloo et al/2018/Belgium []61 | Resident burnout: Evaluating the role of the learning environment | DCSSN=263/RR=35% | Residents in University Hospital | 41.5% | NM |
| Jamjoom et al/2018/Saudi Arabia []62 | Assessment of pediatric residents burnout in a tertiary academic centre | DCSSN=50/RR=91% | Pediatric Residents at King Abdulazaiz University Hospital | 70%EE=43%DP=71.8%PA=40.6% | NSD ↔ Gender |
| Al-Alawi et al/2019/Oman []63 | Prevalence and determinants of burnout syndrome and depression among medical students at Sultan Qaboos University: A cross-sectional analytical study from Oman | CSASN=662/RR=98% | Medical Students | 7.4% | SD ↔ Academic level (↑ Preclinical students)NSD ↔ Gender |
| Asali et al/2021/Saudi Arabia []64 | Prevalence of burnout and practice-related risk factors among dentists in Saudi Arabia | CSOSN=215/RR=100% | Dentists | 33.4% | SD ↔ Dental specialty (↑ Prosthodontists & Endodontists), Working hours (↑ Working hours = ↑ burnout)NSD ↔ Gender |
| Alqurashi et al/2022/Saudi Arabia []65 | Prevalence and risk factors of burnout among medical students during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic online teaching: Cross-section | CSOSN=568/RR=100% | Medical Students | 39.4% | NSD ↔ Study and training years |
| AlShahrani et al/2022/Saudi Arabia []66 | Psychometric properties and validation of the Arabic Maslach burnout inventory-student survey in Saudi dental students | CSASN=480/RR=90% | Dental Students | NMEE=32.3%DP ------PA ----- | SD ↔ ↑ workload = ↑ burnoutNSD ↔ Gender |
| CSs – cross-sectional survey or study; DCSS – descriptive cross-sectional study; DCSS – data collection social surveys; CSOS – cross sectional observational study; CSAS – cross sectional analytic study; POS – prospective observational study; DCSS – descriptive cross-sectional study; CSOS – cross – sectional online survey; CSOS– cross sectional observational study; OPCS – observational prospective cohort study; OV-R CQ – observation of video-recorded consultations and questionnaire; SD – significant differences; NSD – nonsignificant differences; ↔ – between; ↑ – increased or higher; ↓ – resulted; NM – not mentioned. | |||||