09 February 2023 : Clinical Research
Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health in 729 Medical Students in Indonesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
David Nugraha
12ABCDEF, Sovia Salamah 34ACEF*, Kevin Luke12BE, Zefo Kiyosi Wibowo12BCEF, Andro Pramana Witarto 12BE, Caesariska Deswima12BE, Nabila Ananda Kloping 12BE, Bendix Samarta Witarto 12BE, Adila Taufik Syamlan 5AE, Abyan Irzaldy 6AE, Maftuchah Rochmanti7DF, Dewi Ratna Sari8DF, Sakina Sakina8DF, Firas Farisi Alkaff 47ADEF
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938892
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e938892
Table 5 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for mental health problems.
| Variables | DASS-21 N=718 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | Anxiety | Stress | ||||
| AOR (95%CI) | p value | AOR (95%CI) | p value | AOR (95%CI) | p value | |
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Female | 1.75 (1.21–2.54) | 1.58 (1.10–2.26) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Yes | 0.65 (0.44–0.96) | |||||
| Full online | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Hybrid | 0.67 (0.48–0.94) | 0.022 | 0.69 (0.49–0.97) | 0.033 | ||
| Full offline | 0.80 (0.19–3.39) | 0.763 | 0.41 (0.11–1.57) | 0.191 | ||
| <3.0/4 | 0.65 (0.37–1.14) | 0.133 | ||||
| 3–3.5/4 | Ref. | |||||
| >3.5/4 | 0.43 (0.24–0.76) | |||||
| Never infected | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Asymptomatic-mild | 0.83 (0.55–1.25) | 0.372 | ||||
| Moderate-severe | 5.87 (1.33–25.88) | |||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.72 (1.15–2.57) | 2.06 (1.29–3.29) | 1.60 (1.03–2.47) | |||
| Never infected | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Self-isolation | 1.47 (1.04–2.09) | |||||
| Hospital | 1.26 (0.81–1.98) | 0.308 | ||||
| 95% CI – 95% confidence interval; AOR – adjusted odds ratio; COVID-19 – coronavirus disease 2019; DASS-21 – 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. | ||||||