24 January 2023>: Clinical Research
Effects of Caregiver’s Gender or Distance Between Caregiver and Patient’s Home on Home Discharge from Hospital in 285 Patients Aged ≥75 Years in Japan
Yoshimasa Oda 12ABCDEF* , Naoko E. Katsuki 1ABCDEF* , Masaki Tago 1ABDEFG* , Risa Hirata 1CDEF , Osamu Kojiro 3ABE , Masanori Nishiyama 2ADE , Masamichi Oda 3E , Shu-ichi Yamashita 1ADEDOI: 10.12659/MSM.939202
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939202
Table 5 Multivariable analysis using each factor adjusted by 4 covariables (on the side of patients).
Variable, category (unit) | Regression coefficient | Lower limit of the 95% CI for odds ratio | Upper limit of the 95% CI for odds ratio | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | −0.18 | 0.90 | 1.07 | 0.666 |
Gender, woman | 0.50 | 0.61 | 4.50 | 0.326 |
Number of family members (number) | −0.41 | 0.35 | 1.28 | 0.221 |
Family member, living with spouse | −0.20 | 0.28 | 2.41 | 0.715 |
Family member, living with child’s spouse | 0.28 | 0.29 | 6.02 | 0.713 |
How often the patient’s BPSD appeared, 0: none, 1: once a month, 2: once a week, 3: two or three days/week, 4: almost daily | 0.04 | 0.73 | 1.47 | 0.834 |
Whether the patient owned the place of residence, owned | Reference | 1.000 | ||
Rented | 19.48 | 0.00 | – | 0.999 |
No response | −20.09 | 0.00 | – | 0.999 |
Requiring continuous medical treatment after discharge, present† | −1.87 | 0.02 | 1.07 | 0.058 |
Requiring continuous sputum aspiration after discharge, present | −21.21 | 0.00 | – | 0.999 |
Life expectancy, under 6 months | −2.13 | 0.02 | 0.65 | 0.014* |
Length of hospital stay (day) | −0.06 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.002* |
Preference for staying home after discharge (VAS)‡ | 0.01 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 0.254 |
Preference for staying at LTC facility after discharge (VAS)‡ | −0.01 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 0.186 |
Preference for staying at another hospital after discharge (VAS)‡ | −0.02 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.036* |
Preference for staying at LTC facility during LTC life (VAS)‡ | 0.00 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.998 |
Preference for staying home at the end stage of life (VAS)‡ | 0.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.926 |
Preference for staying at LTC facility at the end stage of life (VAS)‡ | 0.00 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.664 |
Patient’s knowledge of LTC insurance system, 4 levels§ | −0.70 | 0.30 | 0.82 | 0.006* |
Patient’s knowledge of the cost of home-visit medical care, 3 levels¶ | −1.00 | 0.14 | 0.97 | 0.042* |
Patient’s knowledge of the cost of home-visit nursing care under medical insurance system, 3 levels¶ | −0.99 | 0.14 | 0.99 | 0.047* |
Patient’s knowledge of the cost of home-visit LTC, 3 levels¶ | −1.08 | 0.15 | 0.78 | 0.010* |
With adjustment by 4 factors (where the patient was admitted from, residing with other family members, cognitive function scores, Barthel index), multivariable analysis using each factor identified as relevant by univariable analysis were conducted. Each Factors listed are the factors on the side of patients. † Necessary medical treatment was defined as follows: presence of presence of pressure ulcer, skin wound, or gastric, colonic, or urinary stoma; necessity for applying ointment, self-injection, sputum aspiration, or respirator, urethral catheter, intravenous infusion, or administration of oxygen; or self-monitoring of blood glucose. ‡ Preference was asked by VAS ranging from 0 to 100. § The knowledge of each service was asked by 4 levels, 1: had never heard about the service, 2: had heard the term, 3: was well informed, 4: had experience of use. ¶ The knowledge of the cost of each service was asked by 3 levels; 1: had never heard the cost, 2: had heard the cost, 3: had experience of using the service. * CI – confidence interval; LTC – long-term care; BPSD – behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia; VAS – visual analog scales. |