Risk Factors and Causes of Reoperation in Lumbar Disc Herniation Patients after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A Retrospective Case Series with a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up

15 August 2023: Clinical Research

Tao Tang ^1BCDE , Jiahao Liu ^2ACD , Jian Cao ^2A , Dingwen He ^2AE , Xigao Cheng ^2AEG , Shuihua Xie ^1CDEFG*

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.939844

Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939844

Table 2 Univariate analyses of clinical characteristics and preoperative radiological findings.

Variables	Cases (n=27)	Controls (n =81)	P-value

Age (years)	57.63±14.11	51.10±11.13	0.015^*
Gender (male/female)	15/12	43/38	0.824
BMI (kg/m)	23.59±2.53	24.29±2.65	0.237
Disease period (months)	16.44±24.28	16.50±26.66	0.992
Follow-up period (months)	34.93±12.11	34.82±13.93	0.979
Alcohol use (yes)	6	16	0.783
Smoking use (yes)	10	20	0.215
Occupational lifting (yes)	12	25	0.198
Sedentary occupation (yes)	11	28	0.563
Lack of active straight leg raise exercises (yes)	18	34	0.026^*
Diabetes (yes)	3	7	0.701
Hypertension (yes)	5	16	0.888
			0.654
L3/4	2	5
L4/5	17	44
L5/S1	8	32
			0.145
Interlaminar approach	12	49
Transforaminal approach	15	32
			0.504
Day surgery mode	11	39
Nonday surgery mode	16	42
Operation time (minutes)	55.53±14.22	50.78±11.21	0.190

LL (deg)	35.12±12.62	31.98±9.88	0.186
SS (deg)	30.15±6.21	28.64±4.57	0.181
sROM (deg)	5.58±3.68	4.69±3.15	0.367
DHI	0.26±0.05	0.28±0.04	0.176
Superior ECA (deg)	167.77±10.03	162.75±10.72	0.116
Inferior ECA (deg)	174.68±7.46	173.67±6.87	0.633
Modic changes (yes)	6	13	0.466
			0.499
Central	7	11
Paramedian	14	46
Foramina	4	15
Extraforamina	2	9
Pfirrmann grade IV–V	26	61	0.017^*
Data are presented as mean±standard deviation or n. ^* P BMI – body mass index; sROM – segmental range of motion; DHI – disc height index; LL – lumbar lordosis; SS – sacral slope; ECA – endplate concave angle.