A Review of the Roles of Specialized Extracellular Vesicles, Migrasomes, and Exosomes in Normal Cell Physiology and Disease

03 June 2023: Review Articles

Tingting Zheng ^ABEFG , Shan Xu ^CDE , Jinyuan Xu ^CDE*

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.940118

Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940118

Table 1 Comparison of physiological features between exosomes and migrasomes.

	Exosomes	Migrasomes	Reference
Diameter	40–150 nm	0.5–3 um	[,]⁴
Membrane structure	The double-layer membrane structure	Unilamellar vesicles	[,]⁴
Morphology	Cup-shaped morphology	Pomegranate	[,]³
Major RNAs	miRNAs	mRNA	[]⁵⁴
Biogenesis	Endosomal origin	Not entirelyClear	[,]⁴
Migration-dependent	No	Yes	[,]³
Markers	Alix, Tsg101, CD9, CD63	NDST1, CPQ, PIGK, EOGT	[,,]⁴¹
Existence form	Extracellular vesicles	Before left cell, migrasomes are organelles	[,]³
Diffusion regularity	No fixed direction	Along the migratory path	[,,]³
Tsg101 – tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein; NDST1 – bifunc tional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1; CPQ – carboxypeptidase Q; PIGK – phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class K; EOGT – EGF domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosaminetransferase.