14 October 2023 : Clinical Research
Influence of Age, Gender, Frailty, and Body Mass Index on Serum IL-17A Levels in Mature Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Zvonimir Bosnić1ABEF, František Babič
2CDEG*, Thomas Wittlinger34DEG, Viera Anderková2C, Ines Šahinović 5B, Ljiljana Trtica Majnarić16ABDEF
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.940128
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940128
Table 5 Differences in examined variables among quartiles of IL-17A. Categorical variables.
| Variable | 1st quartile39 records | 2nd quartile46 records | 3rd quartile40 records | 4th quartile45 records | Total170 records | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m) | ||||||
| <60 | 15 (38.5%) | 11 (23.9%) | 14 (35.0%) | 13 (28.8%) | 53 (31.2%) | 0.75 |
| 60–90 | 15 (38.5%) | 19 (41.3%) | 13 (32.50%) | 16 (35.6%) | 63 (37.0%) | |
| >90 | 9 (23.0%) | 16 (34.8%) | 13 (32.50%) | 16 (35.6%) | 54 (31.8) | |
| Frailty index | ||||||
| 0 | 21 (53.9%) | 28 (60.9%) | 19 (47.50%) | 29 (64.4%) | 97 (57,1%) | 0.42* |
| 1 | 12 (30.8%) | 11 (23.9%) | 13 (32.5%) | 6 (13.3%) | 42 (24.7%) | |
| 2 | 6 (15.3%) | 7 (15.2%) | 8 (20.0%) | 10 (22.3%) | 31 (18.2%) | |
| Sex = Men | 20 (51.3%) | 19 (41.3%) | 17 (42.5%) | 19 (42.2%) | 75 (44.1%) | 0.78 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 50–65 | 16 (41.0%) | 26 (56.5%) | 13 (32.5%) | 24 (53.3%) | 79 (46.5%) | 0.22 |
| 66–75 | 16 (41.0%) | 12 (26.1%) | 21 (52.5%) | 14 (31.1%) | 63 (37.1%) | |
| >75 | 7 (41.0%) | 8 (17.4%) | 6 (15.0%) | 7 (15.6%) | 28 (16.5%) | |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 17 (43.6%) | 19 (41.3%) | 16 (40.0%) | 16 (35.6%) | 68 (40%) | 0.66 |
| Current + Ex | 22 (56.4%) | 27 (58.7%) | 24 (60.0%) | 29 (64.4%) | 102 (60%) | |
| BMI (kg/m) | ||||||
| <25 | 3 (7.7%) | 8 (17.4%) | 5 (12.5%) | 4 (8.9%) | 20 (11.8%) | 0.70* |
| 25–30 | 17 (43.6%) | 19 (41.3%) | 16 (40.0%) | 15 (33.3%) | 67 (39.4%) | |
| >30 | 19 (48.7%) | 19 (41.3%) | 19 (47.5%) | 26 (57.8%) | 73 (42.9%) | |
| Nutritional screening score normal nutritional state | 34 (87.2%) | 36 (78.3%) | 35 (87.5%) | 39 (86.7%) | 144 (84.7%) | 0.56 |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs = Yes | 30 (76.9%) | 34 (73.9%) | 24 (60.0%) | 33 (73.3%) | 121 (71.2%) | 0.34 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary dis. or asthma = Yes | 6 (15.4%) | 1 (2.2%) | 4 (10.0%) | 3 (6.7%) | 14 (8.2%) | 0.15* |
| Cardiovascular dis. and/or cerebrovascular dis. = Yes | 2 (5.1%) | 9 (19.6%) | 9 (22.5%) | 12 (26.7%) | 32 (18.8%) | 0.65 |
| Coronary artery dis. = Yes | 16 (41.0%) | 10 (21.7%) | 9 (22.5%) | 24 (53.3%) | 59 (34.7%) | Q2–Q4Q3–A4 |
| Chronic heart dis. = Yes | 21 (53.8%) | 15 (32.6%) | 15 (37.5%) | 30 (66.7%) | 81 (47.6%) | Q2–Q4 |
| Gastro-intestinal dis. = Yes | 21 (53.8%) | 10 (21.7%) | 14 (35.0%) | 28 (62.2%) | 73 (42.9%) | Q1–Q2Q2–Q4 |
| Osteoporosis = Yes | 7 (17.9%) | 8 (17.4%) | 7 (17.5%) | 16 (35.6%) | 38 (22.4%) | 0.10 |
| Osteoarthritis = Yes | 25 (64.1%) | 22 (47.8%) | 16 (40.0%) | 23 (51.1%) | 86 (50.6%) | 0.19 |
| Low back pain = Yes | 30 (76.9%) | 33 (71.7%) | 18 (45.0%) | 30 (66.7%) | 111 (65.3%) | Q1–Q3 |
| Thyroid gland dis. = Yes | 4 (10.3%) | 10 (21.7%) | 10 (25.0%) | 9 (20.0%) | 33 (19.4%) | 0.38 |
| Incontinentio urinae = Yes | 7 (17.9%) | 4 (8.7%) | 3 (7.5%) | 12 (26.7%) | 26 (15.3%) | |
| Urogenital dis = Yes | 17 (43.6%) | 7 (15.2%) | 8 (45.0%) | 18 (40.0%) | 50 (29.4%) | Q1–Q2 |
| Anxiety = Yes | 26 (66.7%) | 22 (47.8%) | 19 (47.5%) | 35 (77.8%) | 102 (60.0%) | Q2–Q4Q3–Q4 |
| Diabetic retinopathy = Yes | 14 (35.9%) | 14 (30.4%) | 8 (20.0%) | 12 (26.7%) | 48 (28.2%) | 0.45 |
| Metformin = Yes | 28 (71.8%) | 33 (71.7%) | 28 (70.0%) | 35 (77.8%) | 124 (72.9%) | 0.86 |
| Sulfonylureas = Yes | 8 (20.50%) | 7 (15.2%) | 11 (27.5%) | 12 (26.7%) | 38 (22.4%) | 0.47 |
| Pioglitazone = Yes | 4 (10.3%) | 4 (8.7%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (2.2%) | 10 (5.9%) | 0.32* |
| Old fashioned oral antidiabetics = Yes | 33 (84.6%) | 36 (78.3%) | 35 (87.5%) | 40 (88.9%) | 144 (84.7%) | 0.51 |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor = Yes | 7 (17.9%) | 12 (26.1%) | 8 (20.0%) | 3 (6.7%) | 30 (17.6%) | 0.10 |
| Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors = Yes | 3 (7.7%) | 2 (4.3%) | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (3.5%) | 0.24* |
| Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists = Yes | 2 (5.1%) | 6 (13.0%) | 3 (7.5%) | 4 (8.9%) | 15 (8.8%) | 0.68* |
| New fashioned oral antidiabetics = Yes | 12 (30.8%) | 20 (43.5%) | 12 (30.0%) | 7 (15.6%) | 51 (30.0%) | Q2–Q4 |
| Insulin = Yes | 7 (17.9%) | 15 (32.6%) | 8 (20.0%) | 10 (22.2%) | 40 (23.5%) | 0.38 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or Angiotensin receptor blockers = Yes | 31 (79.5%) | 32 (69.6%) | 32 (80.0%) | 38 (84.4%) | 133 (72.2%) | 0.37 |
| Calcium channel blockers = Yes | 16 (41.0%) | 17 (37.0%) | 14 (35.0%) | 25 (55.6%) | 82 (48.2%) | 0.20 |
| Diuretics = Yes | 25 (64.1%) | 25 (54.3%) | 31 (77.5%) | 31 (68.9%) | 112 (65.9%) | 0.15 |
| Beta-blockers = Yes | 18 (46.2%) | 15 (32.6%) | 15 (37.5%) | 28 (62.2%) | 76 (44.7%) | Q2–Q4 |
| Hyperlipidemia (statins therapy) = Yes | 33 (84.6%) | 37 (80.4%) | 31 (77.5%) | 42 (93.3%) | 133 (78.2%) | 0.20 |
| Number of comorbidities = ≤3 | 35 (89.7%) | 44 (95.7%) | 39 (97.5%) | 44 (97.8%) | 162 (95.3%) | 0.40* |
| Number of medications prescribed = ≤3 | 35 (89.7%) | 43 (93.5%) | 39 (97.5%) | 44 (97.8%) | 161 (94.7%) | 0.38* |
| Metabolic syndrome (Male) | 15 (38.5%) | 13 (28.3%) | 15 (37.5%) | 13 (28.9%) | 56 (32.9%) | 0.48* |
| Metabolic syndrome (Female) | 19 (48.7%) | 26 (56.5%) | 21 (52.5%) | 26 (57.8%) | 92 (54.1%) | 0.38* |
| Pearson’s chi-squared test; * Fisher test; Bolded – significant differences, pairwise proportions tests. | ||||||