31 July 2023: Clinical Research
Early Lactate/Albumin and Procalcitonin/Albumin Ratios as Predictors of 28-Day Mortality in ICU-Admitted Sepsis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Fuxing Li 1ABCDEF* , Zhiqiang Ye 2ABCE* , Junqi Zhu 1ABC , Shumin Gu 1BC , Suqin Peng 1BCE , Youling Fang 1BCE , Longhua Hu 1AEF* , Jianqiu Xiong 3ACEF*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.940654
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940654
Table 1 The comparisons of clinical features between the survival and non-survival groups of septic individuals.
| Parameter | Total (n=340) | Survival (n=238) | Non-survival (n=102) | Z/χ2 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Age, years | 56.00 (44.25–68.00) | 55.00 (44.75–66.25) | 58.50 (44.00–68.25) | −1.046 | 0.296 |
| Sex (male/female, n) | 198/142 | 135/103 | 63/39 | 3.510 | 0.061 |
| Constants | |||||
| Temperature (°C) | 36.60 (36.40–37.00) | 36.60 (36.30–37.10) | 36.60 (36.40–36.83) | −0.308 | 0.758 |
| Pulse rate (beats/min) | 90.50 (80.00–101.00) | 91.00 (79.75–105.00) | 90.00 (80.00–97.00) | −1.457 | 0.145 |
| Breath rate (beats/min) | 20.00 (19.00–21.00) | 20.00 (19.75–21.00) | 20.00 (18.00–22.00) | −0.105 | 0.917 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 115.00 (101.00–131.00) | 114.50 (100.75–130.00) | 118.50 (101.50–131.25) | −0.473 | 0.636 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70.00 (62.00–81.00) | 70.00 (62.00–81.00) | 69.00 (61.00–82.00) | −0.120 | 0.904 |
| Underlying disease (n, %) | |||||
| Hypertension | 82 (24.12) | 62 (26.05) | 20 (19.61) | 1.619 | 0.203 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 89 (26.18) | 59 (24.79) | 30 (29.41) | 0.789 | 0.374 |
| Pleural effusion | 40 (11.76) | 26 (10.92) | 14 (13.73) | 0.540 | 0.463 |
| Blood culture (n, %) | |||||
| Gram-positive rods | 94 (27.65%) | 63 (26.47%) | 31 (30.39%) | 0.549 | 0.459 |
| Gram-negative rods | 246 (72.35%) | 175 (73.53%) | 71 (69.61%) | ||
| Laboratory values | |||||
| White blood cells (×10/L) | 11.33 (7.77–16.25) | 11.14 (7.62–15.51) | 11.72 (8.96–16.87) | −1.692 | 0.091 |
| Neutrophils (×10/L) | 9.59 (6.02–13.93) | 9.40 (5.27–13.68) | 10.06 (7.27–14.88) | −1.501 | 0.133 |
| Lymphocytes (×10/L) | 0.84 (0.50–1.32) | 0.92 (0.50–1.33) | 0.79 (0.50–1.29) | −1.367 | 0.172 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 119.5 (100.0–136.0) | 120.0 (102.0–135.0) | 116.0 (98.0–139.5) | −0.541 | 0.589 |
| HCT (%) | 35.2 (30.3–40.4) | 35.5 (31.3–40.0) | 33.9 (28.3–41.2) | −1.330 | 0.184 |
| Platelet (×10/L) | 123.50 (78.00–192.75) | 125.50 (81.00–192.25) | 122.00 (64.00–199.00) | −0.152 | 0.879 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 16.30 (10.70–29.05) | 16.15 (10.78–26.63) | 18.50 (10.48–35.93) | −0.741 | 0.459 |
| Direct bilirubin (μmol/L) | 7.80 (4.70–14.35) | 7.30 (4.50–13.83) | 9.65 (5.25–17.83) | −1.768 | 0.077 |
| Indirect bilirubin (μmol/L) | 7.75 (4.65–12.70) | 7.90 (4.90–12.00) | 6.85 (4.10–13.50) | −0.736 | 0.462 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 32.00 (17.00–50.00) | 31.00 (17.00–51.25) | 33.50 (18.75–46.25) | −0.049 | 0.961 |
| AST (IU/L) | 35.00 (21.00–58.75) | 35.00 (20.00–59.50) | 36.00 (25.00–57.00) | −1.021 | 0.307 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 28.55 (25.70–31.00) | 29.10 (26.58–31.40) | 27.05 (23.25–30.35) | −3.461 | 0.001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 94.50 (64.00–158.50) | 88.50 (62.00–142.25) | 119.50 (69.75–189.00) | −2.684 | 0.007 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 8.70 (6.48–13.50) | 8.48 (6.67–12.92) | 10.33 (5.53–16.50) | −0.618 | 0.536 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 308.50 (203.25–438.25) | 302.50 (207.00–417.25) | 328.50 (186.50–488.00) | −0.968 | 0.333 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 1.63 (1.08–2.41) | 1.60 (1.06–2.25) | 1.85 (1.09–2.64) | −1.538 | 0.124 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 3.83 (2.88–4.87) | 3.74 (2.93–4.87) | 3.98 (2.73–4.87) | −0.440 | 0.660 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.70 (0.90–2.70) | 1.40 (0.90–2.20) | 2.20 (1.30–3.83) | −3.938 | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 119.95 (61.40–177.80) | 120.44 (62.22–120.44) | 116.58 (60.14–186.93) | −0.201 | 0.841 |
| PCT (μg/L) | 2.10 (0.89–8.41) | 1.87 (0.82–5.66) | 3.75 (1.02–33.03) | −3.578 | |
| PCT/ALB | 0.073 (0.030–0.325) | 0.066 (0.028–0.190) | 0.136 (0.040–1.128) | −3.951 | |
| Lactate/ALB | 0.059 (0.033–0.097) | 0.052 (0.031–0.082) | 0.082 (0.046–0.177) | −4.290 | |
| Disease severity | |||||
| SOFA (score) | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 8.0 (6.0–9.0) | −9.844 | |
| APACHE II (score) | 10.0 (7.0–13.0) | 9.0 (6.0–13.0) | 11.0 (10.0–15.0) | −4.341 | |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 13.00 (9.00–18.00) | 13.0 (9.00–18.25) | 12.0 (7.00–18.25) | −1.650 | 0.099 |
| HCT – hematocrit; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; CRP – C-reactive protein; PCT – procalcitonin; ALB – albumin; SOFA – sequential organ failure assessment; APACHE – acute physiology and chronic health evaluation. | |||||