30 August 2023 : Clinical Research
An Examination of Infection Incidence and Management in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Five-Year Review from a Saudi Arabian Center
Noha K. Khalil1ABDF, Fahidah Alenzi
2EF*, Mohammed A. Omair 3ACDF, Ibrahim Almaghlouth 3CD, Mansour Altuwaijri 4AB, Mazen Barri5AF, Rakan M. Alqahtani 6AB, Abdulaziz Alrabiah7AB, Ali Alhijji1AB
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.941277
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941277
Table 3 Univariate analysis to determine the factors associated with death in 74 Saudi SLE patients.
| Factor | Death | P-value# | |
|---|---|---|---|
| YesN (%) (n=6) | NoN (%) (n=68) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 5 (83.3%) | 58 (85.3%) | 1.000 |
| Female | 1 (16.7%) | 10 (14.7%) | |
| BMI level | |||
| Normal or underweight | 2 (33.3%) | 36 (52.9%) | 0.424 |
| Overweight or obese | 4 (66.7%) | 32 (47.1%) | |
| Previous sepsis | 5 (83.3%) | 18 (26.5%) | * |
| Secondary APS | 1 (16.7%) | 10 (14.7%) | 1.000 |
| Prednisolone | 5 (83.3%) | 51 (75.0%) | 1.000 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 4 (66.7%) | 55 (80.9%) | 0.595 |
| MMF | 2 (33.3%) | 28 (41.2%) | 1.000 |
| Quick Sofa score | |||
| Not high risk | 4 (66.7%) | 58 (85.3%) | 0.249 |
| High srick | 2 (33.3%) | 10 (14.7%) | |
| Rheuma fellow note | 2 (33.3%) | 29 (42.6%) | 1.000 |
| Presentation to ICU | |||
| ≤6 hours | 1 (16.7%) | 04 (05.9%) | * |
| >6 hours | 2 (33.3%) | 13 (19.1%) | |
| No transfer | 1 (16.7%) | 46 (67.6%) | |
| Transferred later during admission | 2 (33.3%) | 5 (7.4%) | |
| Lactate | |||
| <2 | 0 | 26 (38.2%) | * |
| 2–4 | 3 (50.0%) | 4 (5.9%) | |
| >4 | 2 (33.3%) | 3 (4.4%) | |
| Not done | 1 (16.7%) | 35 (51.5%) | |
| Blood cultures | |||
| Positive | 4 (66.7%) | 15 (22.1%) | 0.061 |
| Negative | 2 (33.3%) | 36 (52.9%) | |
| Not done | 0 | 17 (25.0%) | |
| Urine culture | |||
| Positive | 0 | 8 (11.8%) | 0.316 |
| Negative | 6 (100.0%) | 44 (64.7%) | |
| Not done | 0 | 16 (23.5%) | |
| Presentation to ABX | |||
| Within first hour | 0 | 3 (4.4%) | 0.155 |
| After first hour | 6 (100.0%) | 41 (60.3%) | |
| None | 0 | 24 (35.3%) | |
| ## | |||
| Age in years | 47.7±17.8 | 36.2±14.0 | 0.065 |
| Duration of the disease | 9.40±10.9 | 8.18±7.56 | 0.737 |
| Triage to physician | 2.17±1.33 | 3.89±3.70 | 0.263 |
| ER to IM | 4.00±2.09 | 5.67±3.98 | 0.316 |
| Presentation to rheumatology | 16.7±8.74 | 14.9±9.29 | 0.747 |
| Presentation to cultures | 4.00±4.56 | 10.6±9.51 | 0.099 |
| SLICC index | 5.50±0.71 | 1.94±1.78 | * |
| # P-value calculated using Fisher’s exact test; ## P-value calculated using an independent sample t-test; * Significant p | |||