30 August 2023>: Clinical Research
An Examination of Infection Incidence and Management in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Five-Year Review from a Saudi Arabian Center
Noha K. Khalil 1ABDF* , Fahidah Alenzi 2EF** , Mohammed A. Omair 3ACDF , Ibrahim Almaghlouth 3CD , Mansour Altuwaijri 4AB , Mazen Barri 1AF , Rakan M. Alqahtani 5AB , Abdulaziz Alrabiah 6AB , Ali Alhijji 1ABDOI: 10.12659/MSM.941277
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941277
Table 3 Univariate analysis to determine the factors associated with death in 74 Saudi SLE patients.
Factor | Death | P-value# | |
---|---|---|---|
YesN (%) (n=6) | NoN (%) (n=68) | ||
Gender | |||
Male | 5 (83.3%) | 58 (85.3%) | 1.000 |
Female | 1 (16.7%) | 10 (14.7%) | |
BMI level | |||
Normal or underweight | 2 (33.3%) | 36 (52.9%) | 0.424 |
Overweight or obese | 4 (66.7%) | 32 (47.1%) | |
Previous sepsis | 5 (83.3%) | 18 (26.5%) | * |
Secondary APS | 1 (16.7%) | 10 (14.7%) | 1.000 |
Prednisolone | 5 (83.3%) | 51 (75.0%) | 1.000 |
Hydroxychloroquine | 4 (66.7%) | 55 (80.9%) | 0.595 |
MMF | 2 (33.3%) | 28 (41.2%) | 1.000 |
Quick Sofa score | |||
Not high risk | 4 (66.7%) | 58 (85.3%) | 0.249 |
High srick | 2 (33.3%) | 10 (14.7%) | |
Rheuma fellow note | 2 (33.3%) | 29 (42.6%) | 1.000 |
Presentation to ICU | |||
≤6 hours | 1 (16.7%) | 04 (05.9%) | * |
>6 hours | 2 (33.3%) | 13 (19.1%) | |
No transfer | 1 (16.7%) | 46 (67.6%) | |
Transferred later during admission | 2 (33.3%) | 5 (7.4%) | |
Lactate | |||
0 | 26 (38.2%) | * | |
2–4 | 3 (50.0%) | 4 (5.9%) | |
>4 | 2 (33.3%) | 3 (4.4%) | |
Not done | 1 (16.7%) | 35 (51.5%) | |
Blood cultures | |||
Positive | 4 (66.7%) | 15 (22.1%) | 0.061 |
Negative | 2 (33.3%) | 36 (52.9%) | |
Not done | 0 | 17 (25.0%) | |
Urine culture | |||
Positive | 0 | 8 (11.8%) | 0.316 |
Negative | 6 (100.0%) | 44 (64.7%) | |
Not done | 0 | 16 (23.5%) | |
Presentation to ABX | |||
Within first hour | 0 | 3 (4.4%) | 0.155 |
After first hour | 6 (100.0%) | 41 (60.3%) | |
None | 0 | 24 (35.3%) | |
## | |||
Age in years | 47.7±17.8 | 36.2±14.0 | 0.065 |
Duration of the disease | 9.40±10.9 | 8.18±7.56 | 0.737 |
Triage to physician | 2.17±1.33 | 3.89±3.70 | 0.263 |
ER to IM | 4.00±2.09 | 5.67±3.98 | 0.316 |
Presentation to rheumatology | 16.7±8.74 | 14.9±9.29 | 0.747 |
Presentation to cultures | 4.00±4.56 | 10.6±9.51 | 0.099 |
SLICC index | 5.50±0.71 | 1.94±1.78 | * |
# P-value calculated using Fisher’s exact test; ## P-value calculated using an independent sample t-test; * Significant p |