06 August 2023 : Clinical Research
Dynamics of Microbiome Changes in the Endometrium and Uterine Cervix during Embryo Implantation: A Comparative Analysis
Anna Bednarska-Czerwińska
ABCDEF, Emilia Morawiec ABDF, Nikola Zmarzły CDEF, Michał Szapski B, Justyna Jendrysek B, Anika PecynaB, Karolina Zapletał-PudełkoB, Weronika Małysiak B, Tomasz SirekE, Piotr OssowskiF, Aleksandra ŁachE, Dariusz BorońD, Paweł Bogdał F, Adam BernetF, Damian StrojnyF, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek AE
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.941289
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941289
Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria.
| Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|
| Infertility defined by Word Health Organization standards | American Fertility Score III/IV and pre-treatment with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analog |
| Written, informed consent of the patient | No written consent |
| Age 18–45 | Age <18 or >45 |
| Qualification and performance of the in vitro procedure | Disqualification of the patient and exclusion from the IVF procedure in accordance with the criteria and qualifications described in the current recommendations and guidelines |
| No use of probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic preparations for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administration | Use of probiotic, prebiotic, or symbiotic preparation for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administration |
| Undergoing sample transfer procedure | |
| No use of antibiotics for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administration | Use of antibiotics for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administration |
| No current or past neoplastic disease | Current or past neoplastic disease |
| No mental or emotional disorders | Mental or emotional disorders |
| Caucasian race | Race other than Caucasian |
| No malformations of the uterus and fallopian tubes | Previous pregnancy or miscarriage in medical history |
| No vaginal infections (vaginal discharge, itching, burning, pain, bad smell) | Current vaginal infections or within last 3 months before the study |
| No endometriosis | Endometriosis |
| No use of hormonal contraceptives in the 3 months before starting IVF | Use of hormonal contraceptives within 3 months before starting IVF |