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06 August 2023: Article

Dynamics of Microbiome Changes in the Endometrium and Uterine Cervix during Embryo Implantation: A Comparative Analysis

Anna Bednarska-Czerwińska 123ABCDEF* , Emilia Morawiec 14ABDF , Nikola Zmarzły 3CDEF , Michał Szapski 1B , Justyna Jendrysek 1B , Anika Pecyna 1B , Karolina Zapletał-Pudełko 1B , Weronika Małysiak 1B , Tomasz Sirek 56E , Piotr Ossowski 3F , Aleksandra Łach 3E , Dariusz Boroń 3789D , Paweł Bogdał 3F , Adam Bernet 9F , Damian Strojny 3F , Beniamin Oskar Grabarek 13789AE

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.941289

Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941289

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Inclusion criteriaExclusion criteria
Infertility defined by Word Health Organization standardsAmerican Fertility Score III/IV and pre-treatment with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analog
Written, informed consent of the patientNo written consent
Age 18–45Age 45
Qualification and performance of the in vitro procedureDisqualification of the patient and exclusion from the IVF procedure in accordance with the criteria and qualifications described in the current recommendations and guidelines
No use of probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic preparations for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administrationUse of probiotic, prebiotic, or symbiotic preparation for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administration
Undergoing sample transfer procedure
No use of antibiotics for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administrationUse of antibiotics for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administration
No current or past neoplastic diseaseCurrent or past neoplastic disease
No mental or emotional disordersMental or emotional disorders
Caucasian raceRace other than Caucasian
No malformations of the uterus and fallopian tubesPrevious pregnancy or miscarriage in medical history
No vaginal infections (vaginal discharge, itching, burning, pain, bad smell)Current vaginal infections or within last 3 months before the study
No endometriosisEndometriosis
No use of hormonal contraceptives in the 3 months before starting IVFUse of hormonal contraceptives within 3 months before starting IVF

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Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750
Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750