06 August 2023>: Article
Dynamics of Microbiome Changes in the Endometrium and Uterine Cervix during Embryo Implantation: A Comparative Analysis
Anna Bednarska-Czerwińska 123ABCDEF* , Emilia Morawiec 14ABDF , Nikola Zmarzły 3CDEF , Michał Szapski 1B , Justyna Jendrysek 1B , Anika Pecyna 1B , Karolina Zapletał-Pudełko 1B , Weronika Małysiak 1B , Tomasz Sirek 56E , Piotr Ossowski 3F , Aleksandra Łach 3E , Dariusz Boroń 3789D , Paweł Bogdał 3F , Adam Bernet 9F , Damian Strojny 3F , Beniamin Oskar Grabarek 13789AEDOI: 10.12659/MSM.941289
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941289
Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
---|---|
Infertility defined by Word Health Organization standards | American Fertility Score III/IV and pre-treatment with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analog |
Written, informed consent of the patient | No written consent |
Age 18–45 | Age 45 |
Qualification and performance of the in vitro procedure | Disqualification of the patient and exclusion from the IVF procedure in accordance with the criteria and qualifications described in the current recommendations and guidelines |
No use of probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic preparations for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administration | Use of probiotic, prebiotic, or symbiotic preparation for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administration |
Undergoing sample transfer procedure | |
No use of antibiotics for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administration | Use of antibiotics for at least 3 months before the examination, regardless of the form of administration |
No current or past neoplastic disease | Current or past neoplastic disease |
No mental or emotional disorders | Mental or emotional disorders |
Caucasian race | Race other than Caucasian |
No malformations of the uterus and fallopian tubes | Previous pregnancy or miscarriage in medical history |
No vaginal infections (vaginal discharge, itching, burning, pain, bad smell) | Current vaginal infections or within last 3 months before the study |
No endometriosis | Endometriosis |
No use of hormonal contraceptives in the 3 months before starting IVF | Use of hormonal contraceptives within 3 months before starting IVF |