06 March 2024: Clinical Research
Molecular Determinants of Drug Resistance and Mutation Patterns in Influenza Viruses Circulating in Poland Across Multiple Epidemic Seasons: Implications for Vaccination Strategies
Ewelina Hallmann 1ABDEFG* , Aleksander Masny 1AD , Anna Poznańska 2CD , Francisco Pozo 34A , Inmaculada Casas 34A , Lidia Bernadeta Brydak 1ADDOI: 10.12659/MSM.942125
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942125
Table 1 Sequences of primers used in the RT-PCR for the detection of selected fragments of genes associated with resistance to anti-influenza drugs.
| Primer | Sequence 5′→3′ | Postion (nt)/(amplicon size) | GenBank | Annealing temperature (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subtype A/H1N1/pdm09 | ||||
| N11+ | CAG GGA GCA AAA GCA GGA GTT YA | 34–1038 | EF486248 | 63 |
| N11− | TTR GTY CTY CCK ATC CAA ACA CCA | (1005bp) | ||
| N12+ | GCA AGY GCW TGY CAT GAT GG | 509–1335 | GU050351 | 63 |
| N12− | TAC TTG TCA ATG GTR AAY GGC A | (827bp) | ||
| Subtype A/H3N2/ | ||||
| N21+ | CAG GGA GCA AAA GCA GGA GTR AA | 25–883 | EU625366 | 58 |
| N21− | TTG TCT CTG CAG ACA CAT CTG AC | (859bp) | ||
| N22+ | TGT ACA GTA GTA ATG ACT GAT GG | 732–1390 | CY131287 | 58 |
| N22− | AGC TTA TAT AGG CAT GAG ATT GA | (659bp) | ||
| Type B /lineages Victoria i Yamagata/ | ||||
| NB1S | AGC AGA AGC AGA GCA TCT TC | 123–1028 | JQ340369 | 56 |
| NB1A | TGC TGT GTA ACT GTT ATC TCT AC | (906bp) | ||
| NB2S | GAA CAC AAG AAA GTG CCT GC | 741–1533 | LC409195 | 56 |
| NB2A | AGT AGT AAC AAG AGC ATT TTT CAG | (793bo) | ||