21 November 2023 : Review article
Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Function: Implications for Cardiac Diseases and Therapeutic Opportunities
Jiayue Lin
12EF, Haoming Kuang1F, Jiahao Jiang 3BF, Hui Zhou 4A, Li Peng2B, Xu Yan 2AE*, Jianjun Kuang5EF
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.942215
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e942215
Table 1 Core circadian “clock gene” products and other clock-relevant protein families.
| Abbreviation | Full name | Common alternative names |
|---|---|---|
| CLOCK | Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput | bHLHe8 |
| NPAS2 | Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 | Mop4, bHLHe9 |
| BMAL1 | Brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 | Arntl, bHLHe5, Mop3, Arnt3 |
| BMAL2 | Brain and muscle ARNT-like 2 | Arnl2, bHLHe6, Mop9, Clif |
| DEC1 | Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte-expressed gene 1 | Bhlhe40, Sharp-2, Stra13 |
| DEC2 | Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte-expressed gene 2 | Bhlhe41, Sharp-1 |
| PER1 | Period 1 (period circadian protein homolog 1) | |
| PER2 | Period 2 (period circadian protein homolog 2) | |
| PER3 | Period 3 (period circadian protein homolog 3) | |
| CRY1 | Cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like) | |
| CRY2 | Cryptochrome 2 (photolyase-like) | |
| REV-ERBa | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 | Nrld1, Rev-erb-alpha |
| REV-ERBb | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2 | Nrld2, Rev-erb-beta, RVR |
| RORa | RAR-related orphan receptor alpha (ROR-alpha) | Nrlf1, Rora, ROR1 |
| RORb | RAR-related orphan receptor beta (ROR-beta) | Nrlf2, Rorb, RZR-beta |
| RORy | RAR-related orphan receptor gamma (ROR-gamma) | Nrlf3, Rorc, Thor, TOR |
| CK1 | Casein kinase 1 delta | Csnk1d, CK1d |
| CK1 | Casein kinase 1 epsilon | Csnkle, CK1e, tau mutation |
| CK1 | Casein kinase 1 alpha | Csnk1a1 |
| CK2 | Casein kinase 2 alpha 1 | Csnk2a1 |
| FBXL3 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 | SCF F-box like 3 |
| FBXL21 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 21 | SCFFbx121, FBXL3B |
| b-TrCP1 | Beta-transducin repeat containing protein | Fbw 1a; FWD1 |
| b-TrCP2 | Beta-transducin repeat containing protein 2 | Fbxw11; BTRCP |
| DBP | D site albumin promoter binding protein | D-box binding protein |
| HLF | Hepatic leukemia factor | |
| TEF | Thyrotroph embryonic factor | |
| R4BP4 | E4 promoter-binding protein 4 | Nuclear factor IL3 (NFIL3) |