18 June 2024>: Clinical Research
Improving Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain, Tension-Type Headache, and Forward Head Posture: The Role of Eyeball Exercise and Cervical Stabilization Programs
Sam-Ho Park 1ABCE , Youn-Joong Oh 2BCDE , Myung-Mo Lee 1ACG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944315
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944315
Table 3 Comparison of pre- and post-intervention variables between groups.
Experimental group (n=20) | Control group (n=20) | t(p) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
CVA (angle) | Pre | 47.29±3.71# | 47.46±3.94 | −.128 (.899) |
Post | 51.78±3.90 | 50.27±4.27 | ||
Post-pre | 4.48±3.10 | 2.81±2.42 | −1.831 (.085) | |
t(p) | 6.127 (.000)* | 4.921 (.000)* | ||
CRA (angle) | Pre | 147.73±6.29 | 146.05±5.29 | .868 (.392) |
Post | 142.32±6.51 | 141.60±6.61 | ||
Post-pre | −5.41±3.98 | −4.45±5.18 | 0.631 (.537) | |
t(p) | −5.768 (.000)* | −3.641 (.002)* | ||
Rt. suboccipital muscle tone (Hz) | Pre | 17.07±0.52 | 17.09±0.66 | −0.112 (.991) |
Post | 15.73±0.48 | 16.18±0.51 | ||
Post-pre | −1.34±0.57 | −0.91±0.53 | 2.325 (.033)* | |
t(p) | −10.039 (.000)* | −7.246 (.000)* | ||
Lt. suboccipital muscle tone (Hz) | Pre | 17.31±0.29 | 17.22±0.58 | 0.542 (.591) |
Post | 15.79±0.36 | 16.19±0.28 | ||
Post-pre | −1.51±0.41 | −1.03±0.57 | 2.903 (.010)* | |
t(p) | −15.692 (.000)* | −7.641 (.000)* | ||
Rt. Upper trapezius muscle tone (Hz) | Pre | 19.32±0.74 | 19.23±0.67 | 0.354 (.725) |
Post | 18.38±0.59 | 18.57±0.69 | ||
Post-pre | −0.93±0.52 | −0.66±0.49 | 1.553 (.139) | |
t(p) | −7.563 (.000)* | −5.738 (.000)* | ||
Lt. Upper trapezius muscle tone (Hz) | Pre | 19.86±0.69 | 19.63±0.47 | 1.145 (.260) |
Post | 18.52±0.65 | 18.68±0.61 | ||
Post-pre | −1.34±0.93 | −0.96±0.74 | 1.183 (.253) | |
t(p) | −6.132 (.000)* | −5.516 (.000)* | ||
# Mean±standard deviation; * p CVA – craniovertebral angle; CRA – cranial rotation angle. |