14 July 2025 : Clinical Research
Effects of Heated Tobacco Use on Blood Parameters and Cardiovascular Risk in Healthy Men
Beata Świątkowska
ABCDEF 1*, Mateusz Jankowski ABCDE 2, Dorota Kaleta ABCDEFG 1
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948556
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948556
Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (n=230).
| Cases (n=117)n (%) | Controls (n=113)n (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | ||
| Mean±SD | 32.2±9.6 | 34.3±9.6 |
| Min–max | 20–56 | 20–55 |
| Having university degree | ||
| Yes | 65 (55.6) | 61 (54.0) |
| No | 52 (44.4) | 52 (46.0) |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 52 (44.4) | 36 (31.9) |
| Married | 35 (29.9) | 44 (38.9) |
| Informal relationship | 30 (25.6) | 33 (29.2) |
| Place of residence | ||
| City up to 10,000 residents | 14 (12.0) | 5 (4.4) |
| City from 10,000 to 20,000 residents | 3 (2.6) | 4 (3.5) |
| City from 20,000 to 100,000 residents | 14 (12.0) | 10 (8.9) |
| City from 100,000 to 500,000 residents | 4 (3.4) | 2 (1.8) |
| City with over 500,000 residents | 82 (70.0) | 92 (81.4) |
| Ever heated tobacco use | 117 (100.0) | 16 (12.0) |
| Ever cigarette smoking | 101 (86.3) | 27 (21.6) |
| Ever e-cigarette use | 97 (75.2) | 32 (24.8) |