Effects of Heated Tobacco Use on Blood Parameters and Cardiovascular Risk in Healthy Men

14 July 2025 : Clinical Research

Beata Świątkowska

^{ABCDEF 1*}, Mateusz Jankowski

^{ABCDE 2}, Dorota Kaleta

^{ABCDEFG 1}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948556

Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948556

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Table 4 Adhesion molecules concentration, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen levels: cases vs controls (n=230).

	Study group		Mean	SD	SE	p
		n	Mean	SD	SE	p
VCAM-1 [ng/ml]	Case	117	632.60	184.54	17.06	0.4^*
VCAM-1 [ng/ml]	Control	113	655.02	179.48	16.88	0.4^*
ICAM-1 [ng/ml]	Case	117	469.33	373.38	34.52	0.3^**
ICAM-1 [ng/ml]	Control	113	474.66	420.98	39.60	0.3^**
fibrinogen [mg/dl]	Case	117	267.75	82.77	7.65	^*
fibrinogen [mg/dl]	Control	113	243.80	84.40	7.94	^*
C-reactive protein (CRP) [mg/l]	Case	117	3.12	4.60	0.42	0.2^**
C-reactive protein (CRP) [mg/l]	Control	113	3.54	4.70	0.44	0.2^**
SD – standard deviation; SE – standard error; ^* Student’s t-test; ^** U Mann-Whitney test; Significant values are in bold.

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