03 May 2024 : Clinical Research
[In Press] Hemorrhagic Cysts in the Pancreas: Risk Factors, Treatment, and Outcomes – Insights from a Single-Center Study
Michał Serafin 1ABDEF, Paulina Kluszczyk1ABDEF, Sebastian Maślanka 1ABCDE, Tomasz Kowalczyk1ABDEF, Beata Jabłońska 2ABDEF, Sławomir Mrowiec 2AEFDOI: 10.12659/MSM.941955
Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.941955
Available online: 2024-05-03, In Press, Corrected Proof
Publication in the "In-Press" formula aims at speeding up the public availability of the pending manuscript while waiting for the final publication. The assigned DOI number is active and citable. The availability of the article in the Medline, PubMed and PMC databases as well as Web of Science will be obtained after the final publication according to the journal schedule
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Hemorrhagic cysts are rarely discussed subtypes of pancreatic pseudocysts that occur in about 10% of these cases. They are caused by erosion of the walls of neighboring vessels by extravasated proteolytic pancreatic enzymes. A retrospective analysis was performed to clinically characterize risk factors, treatment, and outcome in patients with hemorrhagic cysts of the pancreas.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The retrospective study included patients from the Department of Digestive Tract Surgery in Katowice, Poland, who were treated surgically for a pancreatic hemorrhagic cyst from January 2016 to November 2022. We gathered and assessed data on cyst etiology, symptoms, imaging examinations, risk factors, time, type, and complications of surgery.
RESULTS
The main symptom was abdominal pain, noted in 5 (62.5%) patients. The most common etiology of cyst was acute pancreatitis, which occurred in 5 patients (62.5%). The most common localization was the tail of pancreas, found in 3 patients (36.5%). The largest dimension of the cyst was 98±68 (30-200) mm. Every patient needed surgical intervention. Patients underwent distal pancreatectomy (n=3) or marsupialization (n=5). One (12.5%) postoperative complication was observed, while mortality was 0%.
CONCLUSIONS
Hemorrhagic cyst is a life-threatening complication of pancreatitis requiring immediate treatment. In most cases, open surgery is the treatment of choice. Despite the continuous development of minimally invasive techniques, surgical treatment remains the only effective treatment method. Depending on the cyst localization and technical possibilities, pancreatectomy or marsupialization can be applied, and both of them have low complication and mortality rates.
Keywords: Pancreatic Pseudocyst; Pancreatitis; Pancreatitis, Chronic
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