13 February 2023: Clinical Research
Relationship Between Changes in Cranio-Cervical Extensor Muscles and Quality of Life: A Single-Center Study of 15 Patients with Chronic Tension-Type Headache
Xiaoman Min1ABCDEFG, Yongjun Huo2B, Ning Sun3BCEF, Hongwei Zhi4B, Haitao Li4F, Sishuo Zhang4B, Wenqiang Cui4ABCEFG, Yanlin Guo5B, Hongyun Wu4ABEG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938574
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e938574
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Figures
Figure 1. (A–C) Posterior cervical extensor muscles on magnetic resonance imagingIn this study we tested 3 muscles: the rectus capitis posterior minor, semispinalis capitis, and splenius capitis. The blue and yellow parts in the picture are the cross-sectional areas of the muscles we tested. This figure was created using Adobe Illustrator CC 2018 (Adobe).
Figure 2. The rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmin) in patients with chronic tension-type headache and healthy controlsThe blue and yellow parts in the picture are the cross-sectional areas of the RCPmin. Compared with the healthy controls, the RCPmin of CCTH patients was atrophic. This figure was created using Adobe Illustrator CC 2018 (Adobe).
Figure 3. Comparison of Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores between patients with chronic tension-type headache and healthy controlsThe scatter diagram of HIT-6 (A) and NDI (B) scores in the 2 groups. The HIT-6 scores of patients with chronic tension-type headache (55.07±4.83) were significantly higher than those of healthy volunteers (39.73±3.56). The neck function impairment index of patients with chronic tension-type headache (16.2±10.96%) was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers (5.01±2.60%). This figure was created using GraphPad Prism version 6 (GraphPad Software). *** P<0.0001 compared with healthy controls (Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Tables
Table 1. Criteria for determining the effect of the different Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) scores on quality of life (QoL).The total score of the HIT-6 should be between 36 and 78. The higher the score of the subjects, the greater the effect of headaches on QoL.
Table 2. Baseline characteristics of subjects.Fifteen age-, sex-, and dominant-hand-matched healthy controls were included in this study. The demographic characteristics included sex, age, and dominant hand.
Table 3. Difference in relative cross-sectional area of the left and right muscles.No significant difference was found in the left and right muscles of each subject in all patients with chronic tension-type headache and healthy individuals (P>0.05).
Table 4. Differences in relative cross-sectional areas (rCSAs) between patients with chronic tension-type headache and healthy controls.Compared with healthy controls, the rCSAs of the RCPmin in patients with chronic tension-type headache were lower (P<0.001 and P<0.001 for RCPmin right side and RCPmin left side, respectively). At C3 and C4 levels, there was no significant difference in the rCSAs of the semispinalis capitis and splenius capitis between patients with chronic tension-type headache and controls (P>0.4).Table 1. Criteria for determining the effect of the different Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) scores on quality of life (QoL).The total score of the HIT-6 should be between 36 and 78. The higher the score of the subjects, the greater the effect of headaches on QoL.Table 2. Baseline characteristics of subjects.Fifteen age-, sex-, and dominant-hand-matched healthy controls were included in this study. The demographic characteristics included sex, age, and dominant hand.Table 3. Difference in relative cross-sectional area of the left and right muscles.No significant difference was found in the left and right muscles of each subject in all patients with chronic tension-type headache and healthy individuals (P>0.05).Table 4. Differences in relative cross-sectional areas (rCSAs) between patients with chronic tension-type headache and healthy controls.Compared with healthy controls, the rCSAs of the RCPmin in patients with chronic tension-type headache were lower (P<0.001 and P<0.001 for RCPmin right side and RCPmin left side, respectively). At C3 and C4 levels, there was no significant difference in the rCSAs of the semispinalis capitis and splenius capitis between patients with chronic tension-type headache and controls (P>0.4). In Press
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