Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is often connected with perinatal complications. The aim of the study was to determine how metabolic control of GDM women influences the morbidity of newborns.Material/Methods: Retrospective study analysing the outcome of 352 newborns of GDM mothers.Results: The prevalence of perinatal complications in the study group was higher than in the control group. However, the prevalence did not differ between children of mothers with G1DM and G2DM. LGA newborns were statistically more often newborns of mothers with HbA1c level exceeding the normal value (HbA1c >6.3%). This correlation was observed both at the first measurement of HbA1c and at the measurement performed shortly before delivery. In LGA newborns we observed more often hypoglycemia, policytemia and hypertrophic cardiomiopathy. Perinatal infections appeared statistically more often in SGA newborns. 31.25% infants from the study group were born before the end of the 37th week of gestation. These newborns more often suffered from RDS, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia and perinatal infections.Conclusions: There was not any significant difference in neonatal outcome in newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes class G1and G2, which might have resulted from the fact that there was not either any statistical difference in the level of metabolic control in these two groups of women. The incidence of metabolic disorders in newborns was correlated with LGA, SGA and prematurity.

Keywords: gestational diabetes, newborn, metabolic disorders