01 March 2005 : Case report
Do microbes have a causal role in type 1 diabetes?
Niina Lammi, Marjatta Karvonen, Jaakko TuomilehtoMed Sci Monit 2005; 11(3): RA63-69 :: ID: 15398
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from environmental factors acting on genetically susceptible individuals. Microbial infections and their immunological consequences are suspected to take part in the pathogenesis of T1DM. Congenital rubella infection has been strongly associated with increased disease susceptibility. In addition, infections with different strains of enteroviruses, human cytomegalovirus, and rotavirus have been suggested to be diabetogenic in susceptible individuals. A newly emerged hypothesis states that a bacterial toxin, bafilomycin A1 produced by Streptomyces spp, could be the cause of pancreatic beta-cell damage. In some instances, microbial infections may even protect the individual from T1DM. There are several proposed mechanisms of beta-cell damage caused by microbes. T1DM can result from direct cytolysis of beta-cells. Other suggested mechanisms are cross-reactivity between microbial proteins and self antigens (molecular mimicry), bystander activation of lymphocytes, and alterations in cytokine concentrations affecting T-helper cell balance in the vicinity of pancreatic beta-cells. Proving a causal role between microbial infections and T1DM appears difficult. Despite intensive research, a final conclusion concerning the causal role of microbes in the pathogenesis of T1DM has not been made.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - immunology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - etiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - microbiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - virology, Enterovirus Infections - immunology, Islets of Langerhans - microbiology, Islets of Langerhans - pathology, Bacteria - pathogenicity, Bacterial Infections - immunology, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - immunology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - virology, Enterovirus Infections - immunology, Islets of Langerhans - pathology, Models, Biological, Molecular Mimicry - immunology, Rotavirus Infections - immunology, Rubella - immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer - immunology, Virus Diseases - complications
Editorial
04 June 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Origin in Children. Is Autoimmunity at Play?DOI: 10.12659/MSM.937371
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937371
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
27 June 2022 : Clinical Research
Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA) in 16 Patients Following COVID-19 Vaccination Who...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.937430
04 June 2022 : Clinical Research
Screening for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Students at the Medical University of Warsaw, Poland Between November...Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936962
30 May 2022 : Clinical Research
Effects of Wearing Face Masks on Exercise Capacity and Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold in Healthy Subjects ...Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936069
27 May 2022 : Clinical Research
Factors Associated with Falls During Hospitalization for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936547
In Press
28 Jun 2022 : Meta-Analysis
Urodynamics in Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Bladder Dysfunction in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.937166
28 Jun 2022 : Clinical Research
Serum Calprotectin – a NET Product – as a Biomarker of Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Ery...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.936534
28 Jun 2022 : Database Analysis
LINC00963 May Be Associated with a Poor Prognosis in Patients with Cervical CancerMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.935070
27 Jun 2022 : Clinical Research
Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA) in 16 Patients Following COVID-19 Vaccination Who...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.937430
Most Viewed Current Articles
30 Dec 2021 : Clinical Research
Retrospective Study of Outcomes and Hospitalization Rates of Patients in Italy with a Confirmed Diagnosis o...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935379
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e935379
08 Mar 2022 : Review article
A Review of the Potential Roles of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacological Approaches for the Man...DOI :10.12659/MSM.936292
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936292
01 Nov 2020 : Review article
Long-Term Respiratory and Neurological Sequelae of COVID-19DOI :10.12659/MSM.928996
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e928996
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952