14 February 2017 : Animal Research
Evaluating the Effectiveness of GTM-1, Rapamycin, and Carbamazepine on Autophagy and Alzheimer Disease
Lijuan Zhang1CD, Lina Wang2E, Run Wang3F, Yuan Gao1C, Haoyue Che1BDE, Yonghua Pan1EF, Peng Fu1AG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.898679
Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:801-808
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study was proposed to compare the efficacy and safety of GTM-1, Rapamycin (Rap), and Carbamazepine (CBZ) in managing Alzheimer disease (AD). The impact of the above mentioned therapeutic drugs on autophagy was also investigated in our study.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Firstly, 3×Tg AD mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups (each group with 10 mice), in which AD mice were separately treated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, vehicle group), GTM-1 (6 mg/kg), Rap (1 mg/kg), and CBZ (100 mg/kg). Then spatial memory and learning ability of mice was tested using the Morris water maze. Routine blood tests were performed to evaluate the toxicity of these drugs. Amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) concentration was detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Proteins related to autophagy were detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: GTM-1, Rap, and CBZ significantly improved the spatial memory of 3×Tg AD mice compared to that in the vehicle group (all P<0.05). Moreover, this study revealed that CBZ dosage was related to toxicity in mice. All of the above drugs significantly increased the expression of LC3-II and reduced Aβ42 levels in hippocampi of 3×Tg AD mice (all P<0.05). On the other hand, neither GTM-1 nor CBZ had significant influence on the expression of proteins on the mTOR pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: GTM-1 can alleviate the AD syndrome by activating autophagy in a manner that is dependent on the mTOR pathway and it therefore can be considered as an alternative to Rap.
Keywords: Alzheimer Disease - pathology, Autophagy - drug effects, Carbamazepine - pharmacology, Hippocampus - pathology, Maze Learning - drug effects, Neurons - pathology, Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology, Plaque, Amyloid - pathology, Quinazolines - pharmacology, Random Allocation, Sirolimus - pharmacology, Spatial Memory - drug effects
Editorial
01 February 2023 : Editorial
Editorial: The XBB.1.5 (‘Kraken’) Subvariant of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 and its Rapid Global SpreadDOI: 10.12659/MSM.939580
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939580
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
19 January 2023 : Clinical Research
Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health in 729 Medical Students in Indonesia During ...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938892
19 January 2023 : Clinical Research
Determining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Care in the Serbian Adult Population: An Online Q...Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939238
27 December 2022 : Clinical Research
Effect of Physiotherapy to Correct Rounded Shoulder Posture in 30 Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in ...Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e938926
10 December 2022 : Clinical Research
Retrospective Study to Identify Risk Factors for Severe Disease and Mortality Using the Modified Early Warn...Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e938647
In Press
03 Feb 2023 : Clinical Research
Treatment of Gingival Recession Defects with Pouch and Tunnel Technique Using Connective Tissue Graft and L...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938865
02 Feb 2023 : Clinical Research
Online Questionnaire-Based Study to Evaluate the Attitudes and Use of Rubber Dental Dams by Saudi Dental Pr...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938672
02 Feb 2023 : Database Analysis
Prognostic-Related Biomarkers in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Correlating with Immune Infiltrates Based...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.938785
01 Feb 2023 : Clinical Research
Comparison of 3 Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay Methods to Evaluate Serum Concentrations of Infliximab and Antibo...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.939084
Most Viewed Current Articles
13 Nov 2021 : Clinical Research
Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination and Its Associated Factors Among Cancer Patients Attending the Oncology ...DOI :10.12659/MSM.932788
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932788
30 Dec 2021 : Clinical Research
Retrospective Study of Outcomes and Hospitalization Rates of Patients in Italy with a Confirmed Diagnosis o...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935379
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e935379
08 Mar 2022 : Review article
A Review of the Potential Roles of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacological Approaches for the Man...DOI :10.12659/MSM.936292
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936292
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952