Ten thousand years ago, the foundation for agricultural development and animal domestication was laid. Neolithic founder crops were carbohydrate-laden cereal grasses that facilitated transformation of hunter-gather societies into ancient civilizations with realistic capabilities for population expansion. In the last 3–4 decades, however, debilitating medical consequences of a progressively narrowed high caloric diet incorporating processed carbohydrates, animal protein, saturated fat and cholesterol, are translated into a global epidemic of obesity linked to metabolic and endocrine disorders, which, in part, emerged from the enhancement of our longevity. The initiation and progression of pathophysiological processes associated with this restrictive diet may well reside in the gastrointestinal tract. The critical role of human gut microbiome in facilitating normal gut physiology and linkages to other physiological systems points to its significance in comorbid pathologies when its diversity is compromised. Cortical desensitization to the potentially damaging effects of intentionally restricted high carbohydrate diets is progressively enhanced by compromised metabolic activities and widespread pro-inflammatory processes within all organ systems. Our cognitive ability must overcome the desire for comfort foods. The solution is simple: minimize “processed” foods and those of similar commercial origin in our diet, restoring a more diverse gut microbiome. Initially the solution may be costly, however, within the scope of sustained healthy longevity it will “payoff”.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Carbohydrates, Obesity, Symbiosis, DNA, genetic therapy, Hypoglycemic Agents, Cognition, Mitochondria