17 May 2019 : Animal Research
Hydroxycitric Acid Tripotassium Inhibits Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation in the Drosophila Melanogaster Model of Hyperoxaluria
Shanfu Han1ABCDEFG, Chenming Zhao2BCDEF, Gaurab Pokhrel1ABD, Xifeng Sun1BCDE, Zhiqiang Chen1ADEG, Hua Xu1ADEFG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.913637
Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3662-3667
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hydroxycitric acid is a potential lithontriptic agent for calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones in the kidneys. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of hydroxycitric acid tripotassium (K-HCA) against CaOx crystal formation using Drosophila melanogaster hyperoxaluria models.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wild-type D. melanogaster were fed standard medium with ethylene glycol or sodium oxalate added to induce hyperoxaluria. Their Malpighian tubules were dissected and observed under a microscope every 3 days. Crystal deposit score of each Malpighian tubule were evaluated under a magnification of ×200. Using hyperoxaluria Drosophila models, we investigated the inhibitory efficiency of hydroxycitrate acid tripotassium and citric acid tripotassium (K-CA) against CaOx crystal formation. The survival rate of each group was also assessed.
RESULTS: When fed with 0.05% NaOx, the CaOx formation in Malpighian tubules increased significantly, without reduction of life span. Therefore, we selected 0.05% NaOx-induced hyperoxaluria models for the further investigations. After treatment, the stone scores showed that K-CA and K-HCA both significantly inhibit the formation of CaOx crystals in a dose-dependent manner, and with smaller dosage (0.01%), K-HCA was more efficient than K-CA. Moreover, after treatment of K-CA or K-HCA, the life span in different groups did not change, reflecting the safety to life.
CONCLUSIONS: The hyperoxaluria Drosophila models fed on 0.05% NaOx diet might be a useful tool to screen novel agents for the management of CaOx stones. K-HCA may be a promising agent for the prevention CaOx stones, with satisfying efficiency and acceptable safety.
Keywords: Calcium Oxalate, Drosophila, Hyperoxaluria, Citrates, Drosophila Proteins, Drosophila melanogaster, Kidney, Kidney Calculi, urolithiasis
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