BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop a remote-controlled injection device for T-tube cholangiography to avoid occupational exposure.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The remote-controlled injection device has 3 major components: an injection pump, a pressure sensor, and a wireless remote-control panel. The feasibility and effectiveness of this device for T-tube cholangiography was evaluated in ex vivo porcine livers using a laparoscopic training platform and in in vivo canine experiments.

RESULTS: The contrast dye was successfully injected into the biliary tracts of the ex vivo porcine liver and canines by the designed device. The X-ray images clearly showed the anatomical structure of the bile ducts. No obvious adverse reaction was observed in the dogs during or after the procedure. All steps were controlled remotely, avoiding ionizing radiation exposure to the surgeons.

CONCLUSIONS: This novel remote-controlled injection device for T-tube cholangiography can assist operators in completing cholangiography remotely and protecting them from occupational exposure.

Keywords: Cholangiography, Equipment Design, Remote Sensing Technology, Administration, Intravenous, Bile Ducts, Contrast Media, Dogs, Feasibility Studies, Liver, Postoperative Complications, Swine