BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have been conducted on whether CD28 rs3116496 polymorphism affected cancer susceptibility, and these findings have been controversial. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between rs3116496 and susceptibility to cancer.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research published as of October 25, 2018 were comprehensively searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Chinese Wanfang database, CNKI, CBM. Statistical calculations performed using Stata12.0.

RESULTS: Overall analyses found that rs3116496 was a risk factor for cancer (C versus T, OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.29, PH=0.003), and the heterogeneity was moderate (I²=53.3%). In subgroup analysis results by cancer types, the analysis showed that rs3116496 was a risk factor for breast cancer and leukemia. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, rs3116496 was a risk factor for cancer in the Asian population. After PHWE<0.05 was deleted, the analysis showed that rs3116496 might be related to the increased risk of colorectal cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis confirmed that rs3116496 was significantly related to cancer risk, especially in an Asian population, and was strongly correlated with the increased risk of breast cancer, leukemia and colorectal cancer.

Keywords: Antigens, CD28, Genes, Neoplasm, Polymorphism, Genetic, Alleles, Asians, Case-Control Studies, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Neoplasms, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors, Whites