25 February 2019 : Laboratory Research
Pyridoxamine Treatment of HK-2 Human Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells Reduces Oxidative Stress and the Inhibition of Autophagy Induced by High Glucose Levels
Ying Wang12ABDE, Ying Li1FG*, Zhiping Yang3C, Ziqiang Wang4BF, Jiang Chang5ABE, Tao Zhang1D, Yanqing Chi1D, Ning Han1BD, Kunxiao Zhao1CDDOI: 10.12659/MSM.914799
Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1480-1488
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy is a predominant cause of renal failure, which is an important chronic complication of diabetes. Pyridoxamine (PM) has been reported to protect renal tubular epithelial cells against oxidative damage and delay or inhibit the development and generation of glucose-induced renal insufficiency at the early stage of disease. In this study, we attempted to explore the protection mechanism of PM on human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) induced by high glucose.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: HK-2 cells were cultivated by high glucose medium in the absence or presence of PM. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to investigate the most appropriate drug concentration of PM by detecting the cell viability of HK-2 cells. The expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin-1, LC-3II, and p62 was measured by western blot analysis, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR), and immunofluorescence. The expression and localization of Beclin-1 and p62 were also detected via immunofluorescence. The intracellular reactive oxygen species generation was detected using the reactive oxygen species assay kit. The effects of PM on antioxidant defenses were evaluated with glutathione peroxidase (GPx), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity, and glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio.
RESULTS: High glucose levels were able to upregulate the expression of oxidative stress associated protein and inhibit autophagy‑associated changes verified by western blotting, RT‑qPCR and immunofluorescence. Administration of PM reversed the high glucose‑induced low-expressed Beclin-1 and LC-3II, and overexpressed p62 and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Furthermore, non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses and enzymatic antioxidant defenses were turned on by the application of PM.
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with PM could reverse high glucose-induced inhibition of autophagy and oxidative stress.
Keywords: Glucose, Pyridoxamine, Kidney Tubules, Proximal, Oxidation-Reduction
Editorial
01 April 2025 : Editorial
Editorial: Rapid Testing for the Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus is Urgently Required as Infections in Poultry and Dairy Cows are on the Rise, and so is Transmission to HumansDOI: 10.12659/MSM.949109
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e949109
In Press
Clinical Research
Impact of Voltage Level on Hospitalization and Mortality in Electrical Injury Cases: A Retrospective Analys...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947675
Clinical Research
Comparative Study of Plantar Load and Foot Posture Characteristics in Male Elite Squash Players and Non-Ath...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947828
Clinical Research
Dental Students’ Opinions on Use of Artificial Intelligence: A Survey StudyMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947658
Database Analysis
Defining Effect Size Standards in Temporomandibular Joint and Masticatory Muscle ResearchMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948365
Most Viewed Current Articles
17 Jan 2024 : Review article 8,126,196
Vaccination Guidelines for Pregnant Women: Addressing COVID-19 and the Omicron VariantDOI :10.12659/MSM.942799
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942799
16 May 2023 : Clinical Research 703,007
Electrophysiological Testing for an Auditory Processing Disorder and Reading Performance in 54 School Stude...DOI :10.12659/MSM.940387
Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940387
01 Mar 2024 : Editorial 30,250
Editorial: First Regulatory Approvals for CRISPR-Cas9 Therapeutic Gene Editing for Sickle Cell Disease and ...DOI :10.12659/MSM.944204
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944204
28 Jan 2024 : Review article 24,107
A Review of IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) Past, Present, and FutureDOI :10.12659/MSM.943912
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943912