21 February 2019 : Laboratory Research
Autophagy Induced by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Mediates the Injury to the Neurovascular Unit
Xinyang Zhang1BEF, Chen Fu2CD, Baoxin Chen3CF, Zhenmin Xu1BC, Zixiu Zeng1BD, Lijuan He3DF, Yan Lu4CD, Zhigang Chen3A, Xuemei Liu2ACDEFG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.915123
Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1373-1382
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Autophagy is characterized by the degradation of cellular components in autophagosomes. It plays a significant role in cerebral ischemic injury and has a complex functional connection with apoptosis. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a structural and functional unit of the nervous system presented as a therapeutic target of stroke. This study aimed to investigate the effect of autophagy induced by ischemic damage on NVUs.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: SH-SY5Y cells, C6 cells, and rat brain microvascular endothelial cells were cultured with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) exposure for different time durations, and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was added as an autophagy inhibitor. In all 3 cell lines, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured. Furthermore, apoptosis was detected using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide labeling and immunofluorescence staining. Autophagosomes were observed through AO/MDC (acridine orange/monodansycadaverine) double staining. LC3-II expression levels were evaluated by western blot analysis.
RESULTS: In the OGD groups of 3 cell lines, LDH leakage, and apoptotic rates were obviously increased. Remarkable increase in LC3-II expression was found in the OGD groups of SH-SY5Y cells and C6 cells. However, 3-MA decreased the LC3-II expression to varying degrees.
CONCLUSIONS: OGD could induce the over-activation of autophagy and augment the apoptotic activity in neurons and glial cells of NVUs.
Keywords: Autophagy, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain, Stroke, Adenine, Apoptosis, Cell Hypoxia, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Cerebral Cortex, endothelial cells, Glucose, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, Neurons, Neurovascular Coupling, Oxygen
Editorial
04 June 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Origin in Children. Is Autoimmunity at Play?DOI: 10.12659/MSM.937371
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937371
In Press
23 Jun 2022 : Clinical Research
A Real-World Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Paritaprevir/Ombitasvir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir, w...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.936706
22 Jun 2022 : Clinical Research
A Single-Center Study Comparing the Effects of Thoracic Spine Manipulation vs Mobility Exercises in 26 Offi...Med Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.937316
21 Jun 2022 : Clinical Research
Optimal Timing and Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Approach in Acute Biliary PancreatitisMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.937016
16 Jun 2022 : Clinical Research
Renal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cohort Study During the Biologic EraMed Sci Monit In Press; DOI: 10.12659/MSM.936497
Most Viewed Current Articles
30 Dec 2021 : Clinical Research
Retrospective Study of Outcomes and Hospitalization Rates of Patients in Italy with a Confirmed Diagnosis o...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935379
Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e935379
08 Mar 2022 : Review article
A Review of the Potential Roles of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacological Approaches for the Man...DOI :10.12659/MSM.936292
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e936292
01 Nov 2020 : Review article
Long-Term Respiratory and Neurological Sequelae of COVID-19DOI :10.12659/MSM.928996
Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e928996
01 Jan 2022 : Editorial
Editorial: Current Status of Oral Antiviral Drug Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Non-Hospitalized Pa...DOI :10.12659/MSM.935952
Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935952