BACKGROUND: A retrospective study of data from a prospective clinical registry was conducted to evaluate the prognostic role of serum calprotectin in patients with diabetes who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were retrieved for 273 patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent PCI for primary ACS in a single center. Serum calprotectin levels were measured before PCI. Baseline clinical data included the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score for ACS. All patients underwent regular follow-up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during 12 months after PCI, including target vessel revascularization (TVR), defined as the need for an unplanned repeat PCI or coronary artery procedure. The predictive value of serum calprotectin for MACE was analyzed by using univariate and multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

RESULTS: At the final follow-up, 47 of the 273 patients studies experienced MACE. Optimal cutoff values for serum calprotectin levels predictive for MACE stratified patients into a high calprotectin group and a low calprotectin group. The incidence of MACE and TVR in the high calprotectin group was significantly greater than in the low calprotectin group (21.9% vs. 11.5%; P=0.02). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for confounders, showed that the serum level of calprotectin was an independent risk factor for MACE (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.08–4.62; P=0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with diabetes and the co-morbidity of ACS, a high serum level of calprotectin was associated with a significantly increased risk for MACE following PCI.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome, Diabetes Mellitus, Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex, percutaneous coronary intervention, Diabetes Complications, Multivariate Analysis, ROC Curve, Registries, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors