BACKGROUND: Unbalanced standing and gait asymmetry are common in individuals with musculoskeletal disorders. Achieving symmetrical posture and gait is an important goal of rehabilitation. This study investigated the biomechanical differences in the lower extremities observed immediately after an insole was used and without the use of different one-sided insoles.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty young, healthy adult males received 3 different insole interventions: experimental group A had a customized 3-dimensional (3D)-printed single-sided lateral wedge insole (CLWI) inserted on the left side, and experimental group B had on the left side, a traditional single insert. The control had unilateral flat insoles; no insole inserted into the socks. Motion mechanics and gait parameters were collected at the 2-time points, after insertion of the insole and after 20 minutes of walking with the insole.

RESULTS: Asymmetric posture and gait appeared immediately after using the 2 insoles (lower joint moment, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the abnormal posture and gait of experimental group B after wearing the traditional insole for 20 minutes were not obvious (P>0.05). However, the asymmetrical posture and gait remained in experimental group A after wearing the CLWI for 20 minutes (P<0.05). The center of pressure (COP) trajectory of the left foot of experimental group A was significantly higher than that of experimental group B and the control group at the 2-time points (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The asymmetry of posture and gait can be observed in a short time using a customized 3D-printed single-sided lateral wedge insole. This experiment provides guidance for the application of customized 3D-printed single-sided lateral wedge insoles for gait rehabilitation.

Keywords: foot orthoses, Gait, Pressure, Torque, Ankle Joint, Biomechanical Phenomena, Foot, healthy volunteers, Knee Joint, Lower Extremity, Posture, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Walking