Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hyperoxic acute lung injury (ALI) is a complication of ventilation in patients with respiratory failure. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has an important role in ALI. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) binds to Nrf2. ZJ01 is a small molecule inhibitor of Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) that can reduce Keap1-induced inhibition of Nrf2. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ZJ01 and the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX), in a mouse model of hyperoxic ALI.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: C57BL/6J mice included five study groups: the room air+vehicle-treated group; the room air+ZJ01 group; the hyperoxia+vehicle-treated group; the hyperoxia+ZJ01 group; and the hyperoxia+ZJ01+ZnPP IX group. ZJ01, ZnPP IX, or vehicle were given 1 h after the hyperoxia challenge. The lungs from the mice were harvested at 72 h following the hyperoxia challenge.

RESULTS: Hyperoxia exposure for 72 h increased the activity of myeloperoxidase, the lung water content, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) in the vehicle-treated mice. ZJ01 treatment reduced hyperoxia-induced inflammation and increased the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 compared with the vehicle-treated mice. Histology of the lungs showed that ZJ01 treatment reduced the changes of hyperoxia-induced ALI. Pretreatment with ZnPP IX reversed the beneficial effect of ZJ01.

CONCLUSIONS: ZJ01, a Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitor, reduced hyperoxic ALI in a mouse model through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Keywords: acute lung injury, NF-E2-Related Factor 1, Benzothiazoles, Heme Oxygenase-1, Hyperoxia, Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Protoporphyrins