04 January 2024 : Clinical Research
Risk Factors for Opioid Misuse, Abuse, and Dependence Among Pain Clinic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study at King Khalid University Hospital during 2020
Nurah M. Alamro12ADEF, Fares Aldokhayel 2ABCDE, Mohammed Alotaibi2ABCDE, Khalid Alkhani2ABCDE*, Laith M. Almazyad2BCDEF, Khalid Alkwai2BCDEF, Naif Almutawa2BCDEF, Abdullah Aldhuwaihy2BCDEF, Fatma Khamis Al Dammas34EFGDOI: 10.12659/MSM.943218
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943218
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Physicians are faced with the risk of patients developing opioid use disorders (OUDs) when prescribing patients opioids for long periods of time. Therefore, it is highly recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate long-term non-cancer pain patients who are prescribed opioids. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of OUDs in 103 patients with active opioid prescriptions attending the Pain Clinic at King Khalid University Hospital.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital’s pain clinic from 2020 to 2022. A list of all patients attending the Pain Clinic with an opioid prescription was provided by the hospital. Through telephone interviews, consent was secured followed by the collection of demographic variables and prescription-related variables. Additionally, patients were asked to complete the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST 3.1) opioid questionnaire.
RESULTS: Most of the 103 patients were at moderate risk for abuse (91.3%), while a smaller percentage were at high risk (dependence) (5.8%) and low risk (misuse) (2.9%). Tramadol was the most-prescribed opioid (43.7%). Young age (<50) (Z=2.534; P=0.011), opioid use for more than 90 days (Z=2.788; P=0.005), and the prescription of tramadol (Z=4.124; P<0.001) were associated with higher risk of OCDs.
CONCLUSIONS: Younger patients, opioid use >90 days, and tramadol are associated with a higher risk of opioid misuse. However, further studies on a larger scale and in various settings are needed to provide evidence accurately reflecting the general population, as this study focused on the population of pain clinic attendees.
Keywords: Analgesics, Opioid, Drug Misuse, Pain Clinics
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