Aplastic anaemia (AA) is an insufficiency of the haemopoietic system characterised by the low cell bone marrow and by pancytopenia in the systemic blood circulation without a co-existing neoplastic disease or myelodisplasia. This disorder is a result of damage to the multi-potential cell of the medullar stem (stem cell), thus, it occurs prior to the differentiation towards the particular cellular systems. The incidence of AA in children is estimated annually as being from 2 to 7 cases per one million of the population in developed countries. In the present study, we present a case of aplastic anaemia diagnosed in a prematurely born neonate with a very low birth weight, who suffered from intrauterine infection and severe Escherichia coli ESBL (-) sepsis. The patients was treated with wide spectrum antibiotics, granulocyte colonies growth factor (G-CSF) and steroids, and despite many high-risk factors, survived and in whom a full remission of the disorder was found. In this case, umbilical blood has been secured as a source of its own stem cells, should transplantation be necessary.

Keywords: bone marrow biopsy, steroids therapy, Aplastic anemia, Sepsis, neonate