The review presents etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment of acute liver failure and acquired aplastic anemia in children. They are both rare, but devastating clinical entities, frequently of uncertain etiology and often fatal. Approximately 28%–33% of pediatric patients, who present with non-A-E fulminant liver hepatitis also develop aplastic anemia either before or shortly after liver transplantation. AAA with ALF presents with a high mortality of 33%–44% and it is more frequent in children than in adults (33%versus 5%). Greater understanding of mechanisms of liver and bone marrow injury, elucidation of etiologic factors may result in new therapeutical approach and in improvement of the final outcome.

Keywords: acute liver failure, acquired aplastic anemia, children