Background: The aim of the study is to present a rare syndrome which is a form of ill-treatment of a child. Munchausen by proxy syndrome is observed in parents, who expose their child to unnecessary medical examinations, treatment and even put it at a risk of death by inducing pathologic symptoms. Ill-treatment takes various forms: inflicting injuries, strangling, administering toxic doses of drugs or harmful chemicals.Material/Methods: The case of a 3.5-year-old, repeatedly hospitalized boy, in whom chronic administration of salicylates led to severe poisoning,is reported. The symptoms were found to be caused by the child’s mother, who was diagnosed with Munchausen by proxy syndrome.Conclusions: The diagnostics of Munchausen by proxy syndrome is very difficult, which is often due to the lack of sufficient knowledge about the disease.

Keywords: Munchausen by proxy syndrome, ill--treatment of child