Diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) doesn't pose a problem for the experienced clinician. Before we deal with all the symptoms and signs of hyperparathyroidism we might deal with an asymptomatic case of this disease. Treatment in the early stages of hyperparathyroidism prevents complications and leads to full recovery. Due to lack of symptoms, only sometimes are we able to diagnose a patient with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (APHP). This study demonstrates methods of diagnosis and APHP treatment. Due to lack of symptoms, it is mandatory to determine, during routine examinations the blood calcium level as well as the level of parathormone (PTH). This is especially the case in patients with nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis of unknown origin. APHP treatment still remains a topic of many discussions. Conservative treatment uses thiazide diuretics and biphosphonians. However, the only effective treatment is by means of surgery. Due to surgical procedure difficulties such an operation should be performed in high standard clinics by an experienced surgeon.

Keywords: Hyperparathyroidism, Osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis