Background
The effects of different cell culture media on expansion efficiency and alterations in T-cell receptor V beta (TRBV) expression of in vitro expanded lymphocytes are not well established.
Material and Method
Low numbers of CD3+ T cells from peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors were subjected to polyclonal in vitro expansion in the presence of autologous CD3-depleted mononuclear cells as feeder cells (FCs) and their numbers and TRBV expressions were compared in media containing human (HS-RPMI) or fetal bovine serum (FBS-RPMI), Panserin413, or X-Vivo 15TM designed for lymphocyte culture.
Results
During three courses of restimulation within 28 days with CD3-antibody (OKT-3), IL-2, and initial CD3+, T-cell: FC ratios of 1:50 lowered to 1:5 and T cells expanded more than 1,000-fold in the media containing complete sera. Loss of cluster formation, associated with expansion failure, was only observed in cultures using synthetic media and resulted in only about 70-fold expansion. Whereas TRVB expression as determined by real-time PCR was substantially altered after 14 days of culture in X-Vivo 15, at day 28 only T cells from long-term culture in HS-RPMI presented the initial TRBV composition.
Conclusions
Culture media have substantial impact on in vitro T-cell expansion. In the presence of FCs, medium containing human serum is superior to synthetic media and FBS-RPMI for long-term culture regarding T-cell number and TRBV repertoire. In contrast, the synthetic media Panserin413 and XVivo15 show lower expansion efficiency and reproducibility and, as RPMI1640+10%FBS, can contribute to overstimulation of certain TRBVs at advanced culture time points.

Keywords: T-Lymphocytes - physiology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta - metabolism, Monocytes - cytology, Macrophages - cytology, Lymphocyte Activation, Immunohistochemistry - methods, DNA Primers - chemistry, Culture Media, Serum-Free - pharmacology, Cattle, Cell Culture Techniques - methods, Antigens, CD3 - biosynthesis