Background
Since 2001 the University of Hawaii School of Medicine has conducted a 5-day workshop on clinical reasoning for Japanese medical students. To determine how Japanese medical students learn clinical reasoning at a US-based educational workshop.
Material and Method
This qualitative study used 20 semi-structured interviews with students, non-participant observation, and videotapes of 40 standardized-patient encounters.
Results
Participants initially struggled with linguistic and cultural differences, then acquired an understanding of medical interviewing. Students understood clinical reasoning as a process of connecting with the patient using rapport building in order to gather information necessary to form a differential diagnosis and test hypotheses in conjunction with the physical examination. These findings supported a model of Interactive Reasoning.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that foreign medical students can overcome linguistic and cultural barriers at a US-based workshop and acquire an understanding of medical interviewing and clinical reasoning.

Keywords: Problem Solving, Physician-Patient Relations, Models, Educational, Learning, Linguistics, Diagnosis, Differential, Cultural Diversity, Congresses as Topic, United States, young adult